TABLE 1.
Patient Characteristics by Tertiles of Galectin-3 at Time of Incident Myocardial Infarction
| Total (n=1342) |
Gal-3 Tertile 1 (n=449) |
Gal-3 Tertile 2 (n=448) |
Gal-3 Tertile 3 (n=445) |
Ptrend | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 67.1 (14.9) | 60.3 (13.3) | 67.9 (14.2) | 73.3 (14.4) | <0.001 |
| Male sex | 822 (61.3) | 334 (74.4) | 265 (59.2) | 223 (50.1) | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.9 (6.5) | 29.2 (5.9) | 28.8(6.3) | 28.7 (7.2) | 0.25 |
| Current smoker | 267 (19.9) | 121 (26.9) | 84 (18.8) | 62 (13.9) | <0.001 |
| Familial coronary disease | 276 (20.7) | 112 (25.2) | 92 (20.6) | 72 (16.3) | 0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 317 (23.6) | 68 (15.1) | 101 (22.5) | 148 (33.3) | <0.001 |
| Hypertension | 942 (70.2) | 247 (55.0) | 322 (71.9) | 373(83.8) | <0.001 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 882 (65.7) | 273 (60.8) | 306 (68.3) | 303(68.1) | 0.02 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Prior HF | 163 (12.1) | 7 (1.6) | 49(10.9) | 107 (24.0) | <0.001 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 177 (13.2) | 28(6.2) | 58 (12.9) | 91 (20.4) | <0.001 |
| History of malignancy | 249 (18.6) | 52 (11.6) | 82 (18.3) | 115 (25.8) | <0.001 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 211 (15.7) | 37 (8.2) | 79 (17.6) | 95 (21.3) | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min per 1.73m2), | 61.4 | 68.1 | 61.6 | 48.3 | <0.001 |
| median (25th-75th percentile) | (48.4, 74.7) | (59.2, 81.4) | (52.0, 72.7) | (35.7, 64.7) | |
| Charlson comorbidity index, | 1.0 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | <0.001 |
| median (25th-75th percentile) | (0.0, 3.0) | (0.0, 1.0) | (0.0, 3.0) | (1.0, 5.0) | |
| MI characteristics | |||||
| Maximum troponin T (ng/mL), median (25th-75th percentile) |
0.7 (0.2, 2.1) |
0.9 (0.3, 2.5) |
0.6 (0.2, 2.1) |
0.5 (0.2, 1.8) |
0.30 |
| Non ST-elevation MI | 1057 (78.8) | 323 (71.9) | 351 (78.3) | 383(86.1) | <0.001 |
| Q waves on ECG | 660 (53.3) | 205 (49.0) | 207 (50.0) | 248 (60.9) | 0.001 |
| Anterior MI | 481 (35.8) | 144 (32.1) | 151 (33.7) | 186 (41.8) | 0.003 |
| Killip class >1 | 287 (21.7) | 59 (13.3) | 74 (16.7) | 154 (35.2) | <0.001 |
| EF, mean (SD) | 52.9 (12.5) | 54.7 (10.4) | 54.4 (11.1) | 49.4 (15.1) | <0.001 |
| ACE inhibitor/ARB at discharge | 784 (60.8) | 276 (61.7) | 280 (63.5) | 228 (56.9) | 0.16 |
| Beta blocker at discharge | 1101 (85.4) | 403 (90.2) | 370 (83.9) | 328 (81.8) | 0.001 |
Data are presented as n (%) unless otherwise specified.
ACE denotes angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB, Angiotensin II receptor blocker; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); ECG, electrocardiogram; EF, ejection fraction within 30 days after MI; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; Gal-3, galectin-3; HF, heart failure; MI, myocardial infarction.