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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2019 May 13.
Published in final edited form as: NanoImpact. 2018 Nov 28;13:13–25. doi: 10.1016/j.impact.2018.11.002

Figure 11.

Figure 11.

Cytotoxicity assessment of standardized food model (SFM) and fasting medium (phosphate buffer) digestae against a model gut epithelium. TiO2 particles are significantly less cytotoxic in the presence of SFM, suggesting that food matrix effects have an important impact on the biological activity of ingested nanomaterials. p = 0.01 **, p < 0.001 ***