Ahmed 2017

Methods	RCT.
Participants	Inclusion: pregnant women schedule for term elective cesarean section ‐ indications were prior cesarean, abnormal presentation, maternal request, prior cystocele repair or prior perineal tear Exclusion: emergency cesarean, premature ruptured membranes, placenta previa, immunocompromised status. Setting: Saudi Arabia
Interventions	Intervention: chlorhexidine 0.25% antiseptic wipes in vagina (3 10 cm x 10 cm pieces used from apex to introitus including fornices for approximately 1 minute total time). Control: no vaginal cleansing. Intention‐to‐treat analysis.
Outcomes	Outcomes: infectious morbidities – endometritis, fever, wound infection. Endometritis ‐ fever with tenderness and offensive lochia. Febrile morbidity ‐ fever of 38 degrees C or more without infectious clinical findings. Wound infection ‐ erythema or wound edge separation with purulent discharge requiring antibiotics and wound care. Side effects
Notes	All outcomes are summed for overall results. Apparently no one with endometritis also had a wound infection. These are not necessarily mutually exclusive. October 2014 to end of December 2015. Funding source: not stated Author declarations of interest: no conflicts of interest
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Simple randomization method used.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No other information provided beside the use of sealed envelopes.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Vaginal scrub was performed while the surgeon was in the room.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Clinical care team was blinded to either arm.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	7 in intervention and 11 in control arm lost to follow‐up. Otherwise, complete outcome data.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	No evidence of selective reporting.
Other bias	Low risk	None