Gamal 2017

Methods	Study design: parallel‐group randomised controlled trial. Setting: number of centres not specified/Egypt. Dates when study was conducted: April 2011 to April 2016.
Participants	Inclusion criteria: children < 15 years old with a renal stones (1‐2) cm in a solitary kidney. Exclusion criteria: not available. Diagnostic criteria: not available. Total number of participants randomly assigned: 22. Group A (SWL) Number of participants randomly assigned: 11. Age (median): 9.6. Gender (M/F): not available. Group B (Flexible URS) Number of participants randomly assigned: 11. Age (median): 9.3. Gender (M/F): not available.
Interventions	Group A (n = 11): not available. Group B (n = 11): a 7.5 Fr flexible ureteroscope (FURS) was introduced into the ureter over a hydrophilic guidewire under visual and fluoroscopic guidance without access sheath. Complete stone dusting using 200 mm laser fibre (0.2 ‐ 1.0 joules power and 15 ‐ 30 Hz frequency) was done in all cases ended with a 5 Fr JJ stent insertion. Co‐interventions: JJ stent.
Outcomes	Stone clearance How measured: not specified. Time points measured: not reported. Time points reported: not reported. Subgroup: none. Complications How measured: during the surgical procedure direct visualisation. Time points measured: at the time of surgery. Time points reported: not reported. Subgroup: none. Secondary procedures How measured: not specified. Time points measured: not specified. Time points reported: not reported. Subgroup: none.
Notes	Funding sources: none. Declaration of interests: none declared.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Subjective outcomes	Unclear risk	Not described.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Objective outcomes	Low risk	Objective outcomes are not likely to be influenced by lack of blinding.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Stone free rate	Unclear risk	The number of randomised participant was not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Serious adverse events or complications of treatment	Unclear risk	The number of randomised participant was not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Secondary procedures	Unclear risk	The number of randomised participant was not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Hospital stay	Unclear risk	The number of randomised participant was not reported.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Pain	Unclear risk	No information given.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study outcomes were not specified.
Other bias	Unclear risk	Abstract only.