Study | Reason for exclusion |
---|---|
Arroyo‐Anlló 2013 | Not clear whether it was an RCT and the outcome was self‐consciousness. |
Ballard 2009 | RCT, no music‐based therapeutic intervention. A small proportion of the study sample (35) followed individualised music as an intervention. There was a non‐significant improvement on the total CMAI score. |
Brotons 2000 | Only 4 therapy sessions |
Bruer 2007 | RCT, cross‐over, 8 weeks, comparison of group music therapy to video presentation on cognition (MMSE score). Participants were involved in < 5 sessions. |
Bugos 2005 | RCT, people with dementia were excluded in this study, focus on healthy older adults (effects of individualised piano instruction on executive functioning and working memory). |
Chae 2015 | Not an RCT |
Clair 1996 | Not clear if participants were randomised; and they participated in < 5 sessions. |
Cohen‐Mansfield 2010 | Not an RCT, no control group included |
Davidson 2011 | Not an RCT, no control group included |
Garland 2007 | RCT, cross‐over, comparing audiotapes with simulated family presence to audiotapes with preferred music and a neutral placebo tape to reduce agitation. < 5 sessions in each group, in which participants listened to preferred music. |
Gerdner 2000 | The analyses covered directly observed agitation, probably over the combined sessions (so inclusive of the first 4 sessions). |
Groene 1993 | Control group also received music therapy |
Hanser 1994 | RCT, participants did not have dementia but depression |
Hicks‐Moore 2008 | RCT, comparison of favourite music and hand massage, < 5 sessions |
Hokkanen 2008 | RCT, no music therapy, study involved dance and movement therapeutic methods |
Holmes 2006 | RCT, comparison of live interactive music, passive prerecorded music or silence for 30 minutes in a single session. < 5 sessions. |
Janata 2012 | The intervention did not meet our criteria for a therapeutic‐based intervention in which contact with a therapist or facilitator is essential. The intervention created "a musical atmosphere" with music programmes streamed to the rooms of participants assigned to a music group for several hours per day. |
Kwak 2016 | RCT, only music listening, no music therapist or interaction. |
Low 2016 | The control of this study on effects of dance involved music appreciation and socialisation groups. There was little programming and therefore the control group did not qualify as music therapy. |
Noice 2009 | RCT, no music therapy: a theatrically based intervention was given to 122 older adults who took lessons twice a week for 4 weeks. |
Otto 1999 | RCT, participants did not have dementia. |
Pomeroy 1993 | RCT, music was part of physiotherapy. |
Raglio 2008 | Quasi‐randomised study. |
Riegler 1980 | RCT, not clear whether participants were diagnosed with dementia. |
Satoh 2014 | No music‐based therapeutic intervention, but physical exercise combined with music. |
Sung 2006 | No music‐based therapeutic intervention, but music with movement intervention. |
Sánchez 2016 | RCT, only music listening, no music therapist or interaction. |
Särkämö 2014 | No music‐based therapeutic intervention, but singing coaching for family carers and nurses, and listening to music. |
Thompson 2005 | RCT, single test moment, music as cue to facilitate performance on a category fluency task. No therapeutic intervention. |
Van de Winckel 2004 | RCT, no music‐based therapeutic intervention, but music‐based exercises. |
Vanderark 1983 | RCT, not clear whether participants were diagnosed with dementia. |
채경숙 2015 | No random allocation to music therapy or control group |
CMAI: Cohen‐Mansfield Agitation Inventory; MMSE: Mini‐Mental State Examination; RCT: randomised controlled trial.