| Nonmobility therapies |
| Respiratory or “chest physiotherapy” |
Physical methods to improve ventilation, ventilation/perfusion matching, breathing mechanics, airway secretions clearance—e.g., percussion techniques, manual facilitation of chest wall movement, and deep breathing exercises (including blowing bubbles and incentive spirometry) |
| Passive range of motion |
Includes passive repositioning of patient, or passive stretching of their limbs and joints. Passive = patient does not voluntarily participate in the activity |
| Mobility therapies |
| Active range of motion or strengthening exercises |
Muscle strengthening exercises with therapist. This may be described as “active” or “active-assisted” exercises. “Active” infers patient participation, no matter how little. This may include exercises and stretches that are taught to patient to do independently. Includes neurodevelopmental play: play activities to facilitate fine and gross motor development for infants and developmentally delayed children |
| Mobility device |
Activities done with a device that facilitates limb movement, i.e., cycle ergometer. Maybe done while patient is recumbent |
| Bed mobility |
Activities done while patient is recumbent—but requires active participation of the patient; e.g., active or active-assisted repositioning in bed; rolling from side to side; and bridging (i.e., pelvic or hip lifts) |
| Transfers |
Patient actively transfers from one surface to the other, e.g., from bed to chair/commode, sitting or dangling on edge of bed, unsupported sitting or sitting with trunk control, assisting from a sitting to a standing position. These activities may occur with or without therapist assistance |
| Pre-gait activities |
Assisting the patient in exercises prior to ambulation, e.g., weight shifting from foot to foot, stepping in place, and sideways stepping |
| Ambulation |
Gait training of the patient, with or without assistance by therapist or device (e.g., walker) |
