Summary for the risk of caesarean section for women with GDM

No conclusions possible: low‐ to very low‐quality evidence, or insufficient evidence to comment on the effectiveness, more evidence needed Moderate‐quality evidence showed no clear difference for insulin versus oral therapy or insulin type A versus B. Moderate‐quality evidence showed no clear difference (the direction of the effect suggested benefit) for exercise versus control. Low‐quality evidence suggested a possible reduction for the risk of birth by caesarean section for the DASH diet compared to the control diet with matching macronutrient contents group. Low‐quality evidence showed no clear difference for metformin versus glibenclamide; glibenclamide versus acarbose; energy‐ versus no energy‐restricted diet; low‐ versus high‐carbohydrate diet and lifestyle intervention versus usual care or diet alone. Very low‐quality evidence showed no clear difference for induction of labour versus expectant management; glibenclamide versus placebo; low‐moderate versus moderate‐high GI diet; low‐GI diet versus high‐fibre moderate‐GI diet; diet + diet‐related behavioural advice versus diet only; soy‐ versus no soy‐protein diet; high‐ versus low‐unsaturated fat diet with matching calories; ethnic specific diet versus standard healthy diet; intensive management versus routine care; strict versus less strict glycaemic control; telemedicine versus standard care for glucose monitoring; self‐ versus periodic‐glucose monitoring; continuous‐ versus self‐monitoring; post‐ versus pre‐prandial glucose monitoring; insulin versus diet; insulin versus exercise or insulin regimen A versus B