Luntz 2004.

Methods	RCT, parallel design, single‐centre
Participants	Total number of randomized participants: 96 Inclusion criteria Scheduled for elective, unilateral ophthalmic surgery, ≥ 65 years of age, ASA I to III Exclusion criteria Obvious cardiovascular complaints (NYHA III to IV) Previous adverse reactions to one of the study drugs Participating in another study History of GA in last 3 months Less than 60% vision in the contralateral eye Type of surgery: ophthalmic surgery Baseline characteristics TIVA group Age, (assumed) mean (SD): 74 (± 7) years Gender: not reported ASA grade: not reported Inhalational maintenance group (propofol/sevoflurane) Age, (assumed) mean (SD): 76 (± 6) years Gender: not reported ASA grade: not reported Inhalational maintenance group (total sevoflurane) Age, (assumed) mean (SD): 77 (± 7) years Gender: not reported ASA grade: not reported Note: table of baseline characteristics is not reported. Study authors report "There were no significant differences between the patient groups with regard to age, gender, height, weight and ASA physical status" Country: Germany Setting: hospital
Interventions	TIVA group Participants: n = 32; 0 losses Induction details: propofol 2 mg/kg, continuous infusion of remifentanil 20 µg/ kg/hour. Atracurium 0.3 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg Maintenance details: continuous infusion of propofol 4 mg/kg/hour to 8 mg/kg/hour. Remifentanil at 10 µg/kg/hour Inhalational maintenance group (propofol/sevoflurane) Participants: n = 32; 0 losses Induction details: propofol 2 mg/kg, continuous infusion of remifentanil 20 µg/ kg/hour. Atracurium 0.3 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg Maintenance details: sevoflurane end‐tidal concentration 0.6% to 1.2%. Remifentanil 10µg/kg/hour Inhalational maintenance group (total sevoflurane) Participants: n = 32; 0 losses Induction details : continuous infusion of remifentanil 20 µg/ kg/hour. Atracurium 0.3 mg/kg to 0.5 mg/kg. After 1 minute pre‐oxygenation, vaporizer adjusted stepwise up to 8% sevoflurane until eyelash reflex was abolished, then reduced to 5% Maintenance details: sevoflurane end‐tidal concentration 0.6% to 1.2%. Remifentanil 10µg/kg/hour
Outcomes	Clinical outcomes (MAP and hypotension, shivering, pain, PONV, duration of induction and maintenance of anaesthesia, and time to emergence) Psychomotor recovery Participant satisfaction Cost analysis
Notes	Funding/declarations of interest: supported in part by a grant from Abbott Laboratories, Wiesbaden, Germany Study dates: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Use of computer‐generated randomization
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No details
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not feasible to blind anaesthetists to intervention group
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Relevant reported outcome is for hypotension. Study authors do not report who collected this data and whether they were blinded
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No apparent loss of study participants
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study authors do not report clinical trials registration. Not feasible to judge risk of selective outcome reporting
Other bias	Low risk	Baseline characteristics table not reported, but study authors reported no differences. No other sources of bias identified