Comparison 1. Pembrolizumab versus chemotherapy.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Overall survival	1	542	Hazard Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.73 [0.59, 0.90]
2 Quality of life (change from baseline to week 15)	1	520	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	9.05 [4.41, 13.69]
3 Progression‐free survival	1	542	Hazard Ratio (Random, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.81, 1.19]
4 Response rate (partial and complete response)	1	542	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.85 [1.24, 2.77]
5 Treatment‐related mortality	1	521	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.24, 3.79]
6 Discontinuation due to adverse event (any grade)	1	521	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.39, 1.10]
7 Serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment)	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 Serious adverse events (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.83 [0.72, 0.97]
8 Serious adverse events (irrespective of attribution to treatment)	1		Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Pruritus (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.00, 6.54]
8.2 Fatigue (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.63 [0.28, 1.40]
8.3 Diarrhoea (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.24, 3.87]
8.4 Anaemia (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.37, 1.15]
8.5 Constipation (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.38 [0.11, 1.25]
8.6 Peripheral sensory neuropathy (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.02, 0.74]
8.7 Neutropenia (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.11 [0.06, 0.22]
8.8 Alopecia (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.13 [0.01, 1.24]
8.9 Hypothyroidism (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
8.10 Skin reaction (Grade 3, 4, or 5)	1	521	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.05, 1.00]