TABLE 5.

Relationships of risk factors changes and intima–media thickness and brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity at follow-up and progression in stepwise multivariable regression analysis

	IMT 2013		IMT 2017		IMT progression		baPWV 2013		baPWV 2017		baPWV progression
	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value	β	P value
4-year change
Age (years)	−0.025	0.739	0.037	0.628	0.027	0.712	−0.089	0.205	−0.057	0.446	0.184	0.008
Fasting glucose (mmol/l)	0.161	0.032	0.102	0.178	−0.017	0.810	0.030	0.671	0.038	0.601	−0.003	0.988
SBP (mmHg)	−0.042	0.697	−0.089	0.394	−0.018	0.802	−0.024	0.814	0.237	0.023	0.243	<0.001
DBP (mmHg)	−0.053	0.622	0.088	0.409	0.073	0.310	0.179	0.012	0.197	0.062	0.043	0.667
Heart rate (bpm)	−0.072	0.336	0.144	0.044	0.162	0.025	0.075	0.286	0.116	0.110	0.017	0.805
12-year change
DBP (mmHg)	0.089	0.214	−0.002	0.980	−0.024	0.736	0.357	<0.001	0.159	0.022	0.280	<0.001
Triglycerides (mmol/l)	−0.005	0.946	−0.032	0.738	0.062	0.392	−0.171	0.013	−0.126	0.078	0.077	0.263
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)	−0.008	0.906	−0.174	0.083	−0.088	0.2	−0.181	0.008	−0.211	0.003	−0.036	0.599
Heart rate (bpm)	−0.155	0.030	0.037	0.614	0.142	0.046	0.133	0.045	0.016	0.813	−0.114	0.098

baPWV, brachial–ankle pulse wave velocity; IMT, intima–media thickness.

Bold indicates statistically significant results.