Samtia 2013.

Methods	Randomised trial
Participants	348 participants with diabetes (intervention 178: control 170) Selected diabetes clinics Southern Punjab (Nishter Hospital Multan and DHQ Hospital Layyah),India Year of study: March 2011 to not stated.
Interventions	Patient education Intervention group patients received predefined specialised care. The components of care were: education of disease including short‐ and long‐term complications; medication adherence and its effects on glycaemic control; education about timing of medication use in relation to food; education about dietary restrictions; education about sensory changes including foot examination; the role of exercise in achieving glycaemic control; the role of self‐monitoring of blood glucose to achieve glycaemic control; education about control of HbA1c values and fasting blood glucose; and smoking cessation. If relevant. Frequency: every 4 weeks Duration: 5 months
Outcomes	Fasting blood glucose HbA1c
Notes	Funding source: Not specified Conflict of interest: None stated
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear how randomisation performed Quote:"Patients were randomly assigned into control (n=170) and intervention groups (n=178)."
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Unclear if allocation concealed
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All Outcomes/Outcome 1	Low risk	No blinding, but the intervention knowledge seems unlikely to affect objective outcomes
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All Outcomes/Outcome 1	Low risk	No blinding, but the intervention knowledge seems unlikely to affect objective outcomes
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Between group attrition < 10% Quote: "Almost all the patients included completed the study (control group: 168/170 and intervention group: 174/178)."
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Main outcomes present Note that before‐and‐after results reported rather than control versus intervention or "difference in the difference".
Other bias	Low risk	None