Schneider 1982.
Methods | Randomised trial | |
Participants | 40 patients with essential hypertension and congestive heart failure (intervention 20; control 20)
Health professional (delivering intervention): 1
Practice: 1 Outpatient medicine clinic University Hospital Clinic, Ohio State University, USA Year of study: Not stated. |
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Interventions | Pharmaceutical care Pharmacist examined and evaluated patients during a clinic visit Pharmacist communicated findings and suggestions to physician, vs usual care Length of intervention: 12 months |
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Outcomes | Systolic and diastolic blood pressure % target blood pressure achieved |
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Notes | Funding source: Not specified Conflict of interest: Not stated |
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Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "Patients were randomly assigned to a study or a control group". |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Not explicitly described |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All Outcomes/Outcome 1 | Unclear risk | The personnel (doctors and pharmacists) were not necessarily unblinded and this may have influenced protocol implementation. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All Outcomes/Outcome 1 | Low risk | BP mostly objective |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Data from all 40 patients presented. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | All outcomes mentioned in Methods appear in Results |
Other bias | Low risk | None |