Table 7.
Neuropsychological Performance Outcomes
| Baseline | Post-treatment | 3-mo Follow-up | Group × Timea,b | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cognitive Measure | Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
Mean (SD) |
F | p | η2p |
| Overall Cognitive Functioning | ||||||
| MMSE (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 28.51 (1.20) | 29.00 (1.52) | 28.81 (1.44) | .561 | .563 | .011 |
| SMC | 28.66 (1.36) | 28.86 (1.58) | 29.00 (1.19) | |||
| Vocabulary (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 52.41 (7.22) | 52.89 (7.54) | 53.78 (7.94) | .908 | .410 | .034 |
| SMC | 53.59 (7.95) | 55.48 (6.99) | 54.30 (9.58) | |||
| Digit Symbol (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 66.85 (12.22) | 70.65 (12.93) | 68.18 (13.34) | .645 | .529 | .024 |
| SMC | 66.83 (13.37) | 69.26 (12.80) | 68.41 (12.18) | |||
| Attention, Processing Speed | ||||||
| Trailmaking Test Part A (seconds) | ||||||
| BBTi | 34.31 (13.59) | 33.98 (9.22) | 33.36 (9.46) | 1.477 | .238 | .055 |
| SMC | 36.98 (14.09) | 32.77 (13.51) | 24.51 (12.71) | |||
| Language | ||||||
| COWA-Semantic Verbal Fluency Score | ||||||
| BBTi | 60.81 (9.97) | 62.30 (10.26) | 62.84 (9.94) | 1.785 | .178 | .067 |
| SMC | 60.45 (13.39) | 64.82 (16.21) | 62.84 (9.94) | |||
| Boston Naming Test (raw sore) | ||||||
| BBTi | 55.06 (7.18) | 56.35 (5.83) | 56.39 (8.23) | .229 | .796 | .009 |
| SMC | 57.79 (2.03) | 57.67 (5.79) | 58.67 (1.90) | |||
| Memory | ||||||
| CVLT-II – Immediate Recall (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 44.45 (10.19) | 47.79 (13.25) | 46.93 (13.02) | 1.472 | .234 | .025 |
| SMC | 44.96 (9.24) | 49.19 (11.19) | 51.42 (12.01) | |||
| CVLT-II - Short Delay Recall | ||||||
| BBTi | 8.92 (4.03) | 10.57 (4.27) | 11.04 (4.28) | .057 | .945 | .001 |
| SMC | 8.60 (3.50) | 10.06 (3.85) | 10.74 (3.31) | |||
| CVLT-II - Long Delay Recall (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 9.29 (3.84) | 10.86 (3.75) | 11.46 (3.50) | .013 | .979 | .000 |
| SMAC | 8.77 (3.82) | 10.26 (4.06) | 10.97 (3.81) | |||
| Rey-O – Immediate Recall (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 16.19 (6.00) | 19.08 (6.15) | 20.16 (7.13) | .213 | .809 | .008 |
| SMAC | 15.49 (5.20) | 19.13 (5.96) | 20.22 (6.24) | |||
| Rey-O – Delayed Recall (raw score) | ||||||
| BBTi | 15.37 (5.69) | 18.22 (5.98) | 18.98 (7.04) | .155 | .857 | .006 |
| SMC | 18.01 (16.15) | 19.15 (5.94) | 19.70 (6.58) | |||
| LM-WMS- Story A Immediate Recall unit score | ||||||
| BBTi | 12.71 (3.65) | 14.40 (3.94) | 15.77 (4.01) | .706 | .499 | .027 |
| SMC | 11.90 (3.86) | 14.29 (4.22) | 14.86 (4.27) | |||
| LM-WMS-Story B Immediate Recall unit score | ||||||
| BBTi | 9.68 (3.44) | 12.47 (4.00) | 13.31 (4.35) | .584 | .561 | .022 |
| SMC | 10.87 (3.24 | 13.18 (3.62) | 13.46 (3.83) | |||
| LM-WMS-Story A Delayed Recall unit score | ||||||
| BBTi | 9.61 (5.21) | 12.07 (5.14) | 14.23 (5.55) | 1.403 | .255 | .052 |
| SMC | 8.97 (4.38) | 12.36 (5.02) | 13.29 (5.29) | |||
| LM-WMS-Story B Delayed Recall unit score | ||||||
| BBTi | 12.47 (4.25) | 14.58 (4.11) | 15.77 (4.60) | .559 | .575 | .021 |
| SMC | 11.72 (3.73) | 14.82 (4.85) | 15.89 (4.68) | |||
| Executive Functioning | ||||||
| COWA – FAS score | ||||||
| BBTi | 50.74 (12.70) | 52.15 (14.63) | 53.04 (16.77) | 1.398 | .257 | .053 |
| SMC | 50.78 (12.82) | 56.64 *16.04) | 53.82 (16.55) | |||
| Trailmaking Test Part B (seconds) | ||||||
| BBTi | 77.67 (25.46) | 77.83 (22.83) | 381.75 (42.50) | .293 | .747 | .011 |
| SMAC | 89.47 (32.54) | 84.18 (57.31) | 381.75 (42.50) | |||
Note. BBTi refers to Brief Behavioral Treatment of insomnia group (n = 32); SMC refers to Self-monitoring Controls (n = 30). Abbreviations: MMSE = Mini-Mental Status Examination; COWA = Controlled Oral Word Association; CVLT-II = California Verbal Learning Test 2; Rey-O = Rey-Osterreith Complex Figure Test; LM-WMS-III = Logical Memory from Wechsler Memory Scale 3.
a
Greenhouse-Geisser correction was applied to Group × Time interaction.
b
Guidelines for interpreting η2p: .01 = small, .06 = moderate, .14 = large (Cohen, 1977)