Collins 2011.

Methods	Study design: RCT Method of randomization: permutated blocks with randomized block sizes
Participants	Country: USA Setting: clinics and communities; referred by physicians or self‐referred from flyers distributed at health fairs, community centers, and churches; media advertisements; word of mouth; postcards No. of participants: Baseline: HBET: n = 72; WA: n = 73 6 months: HBET: n = 61; WA: n = 65 Age, years (SD): HBET: 66.2 (10.2); WA: 66.8 (10.1) Sex, % male: HBET: 65; WA: 73 PAD diagnosed by: ABI Inclusion criteria: resting or postexercise ABI < 0.90, toe‐brachial index < 0.7, or prior surgery for PAD with continued exertional leg symptoms not including joint pain; men and women aged 40 years and older with diagnosis of PAD; diagnosis of diabetes mellitus type 1 or 2; leg symptoms at enrollment Exclusion criteria: no intention to start exercising in next 6 months; no available phone, foot or lower leg amputation, critical leg ischemia, or lower extremity revascularization within 6 months before enrollment; myocardial infarction within preceding 3 months; evidence of significant coronary ischemia at low workload; systolic blood pressure > 180 mmHg or diastolic pressure > 110 mmHg; diagnosis of life‐threatening malignancy within previous year; exercise tolerance limited by leg pain of non‐vascular origin or other factors
Interventions	HBET: 7‐minute educational video about PAD and strategies for disease and risk factor management (aerobic activity); one‐on‐one interaction with research coordinator at baseline; walking training (3 days per week) and weekly group walking classes with instructor; biweekly telephone calls for 6 months WA: 7‐minute educational video about PAD and strategies for disease and risk factor management (aerobic activity); twice‐monthly phone calls with research coordinator Duration: 6 months Follow‐up period: 6 months
Outcomes	Treadmill test: Gardner‐Skinner graded exercise treadmill test Outcomes: maximum pain distance, onset of pain distance Participant‐reported outcomes: WIQ, SF‐36, Geriatric Depression Score, self‐efficacy, Exercise Behaviors Questionnaire Adherence: NA
Notes	People with diabetes only
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Use of computer random number generator
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of concealment not described
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding; inherent to study design
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Missing outcome date balanced in numbers across intervention groups, with similar reasons for missing data across groups ITT analysis described; 19 of 145 participants lost to follow‐up (HBET: n = 11; WA: n = 8)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Published reports included all expected outcomes
Other bias	High risk	Patients self‐referred from flyers distributed at health fairs, community centers, and churches; media advertisements; word of mouth; postcards People with diabetes only Six months' follow‐up: SDs of SF‐36 and WIQ imputed with baseline SDs; means and SDs of PCS and MCS of SF‐36 calculated Funding: American Diabetes Association