Comparison 9. H2 receptor antagonists versus proton pump inhibitors.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Clinically important upper GI bleeding	13	1636	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.90 [1.83, 4.58]
1.1 Cimetidine vs omeprazole	1	359	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.40 [0.55, 3.61]
1.2 Famotidine vs lansoprazole	1	51	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.63 [0.15, 84.98]
1.3 Famotidine vs omeprazole	1	143	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.03 [0.19, 21.87]
1.4 Famotidine vs pantoprazole	2	159	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.73 [0.18, 3.04]
1.5 Famotidine vs esomeprazole	2	371	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	7.53 [1.39, 40.85]
1.6 Ranitidine vs omeprazole	5	413	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.08 [1.99, 8.36]
1.7 Ranitidine vs rabeprazole	1	140	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.0 [0.49, 164.09]
2 Nosocomial pneumonia	10	1256	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.77, 1.35]
2.1 Cimetidine vs omeprazole	1	359	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.84 [0.45, 1.54]
2.2 Cimetidine vs pantoprazole	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.28, 2.91]
2.3 Famotidine vs esomeprazole	1	60	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.07, 15.26]
2.4 Famotidine vs omeprazole	1	143	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.34, 2.32]
2.5 Ranitidine vs omeprazole	5	413	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.19 [0.80, 1.75]
2.6 H2 receptor antagonists (not defined) vs proton pump inhibitors (not defined)	1	79	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.03 [0.47, 2.26]
3 All‐cause mortality in ICU	12	1564	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.96 [0.78, 1.19]
3.1 Cimetidine vs omeprazole	1	359	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.45, 1.30]
3.2 Cimetidine vs pantoprazole	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.25, 2.55]
3.3 Famotidine vs omeprazole	1	143	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.13 [0.49, 2.61]
3.4 Ranitidine vs omeprazole	5	387	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.86, 1.40]
3.5 Ranitidine vs pantoprazole	3	333	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.31, 1.43]
3.6 Ranitidine vs rabeprazole	1	140	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.0 [0.12, 72.40]
4 All‐cause mortality in hospital	2	454	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.72 [0.37, 1.43]
4.1 Famotidine vs esomeprazole	1	311	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.37 [0.04, 3.49]
4.2 Famotidine vs omeprazole	1	143	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.80 [0.39, 1.63]
5 Duration of ICU stay	5	482	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.14 [‐1.14, 1.41]
5.1 Famotidine vs esomeprazole	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐6.51, 5.91]
5.2 Famotidine vs omeprazole	1	143	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.40 [‐0.44, 5.24]
5.3 Ranitidine vs omeprazole	3	279	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.44 [‐1.90, 1.02]
6 Duration of intubation	5	542	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.35 [‐1.48, 0.78]
6.1 Famotidine vs omeprazole	1	143	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.70 [‐2.24, 3.64]
6.2 Ranitidine vs omeprazole	3	279	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.78 [‐2.24, 0.67]
6.3 Ranitidine vs pantoprazole	1	120	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.07 [‐2.18, 2.32]
7 Number of participants requiring blood transfusions	3	575	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.98 [0.75, 5.21]
7.1 Cimetidine vs omeprazole	1	359	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.29, 3.34]
7.2 Ranitidine vs omeprazole	1	76	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.0 [0.25, 100.80]
7.3 Ranitidine vs rabeprazole	1	140	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.0 [0.49, 164.09]
8 Adverse events of interventions	5		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Pyrexia	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.05, 19.03]
8.2 Thrombocytopaenia	2	253	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.64 [0.65, 20.46]
8.3 Neuroleptic malignant syndrome	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.56 [0.06, 37.42]
8.4 Cholestatic jaundice	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.56 [0.06, 37.42]
8.5 Abnormal liver function test	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.56 [0.06, 37.42]
8.6 Pruritus	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.56 [0.06, 37.42]
8.7 Phlebitis	1	202	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.56 [0.06, 37.42]
8.8 Major CV events	1	311	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.26, 2.43]
8.9 Abdominal distension and vomiting	1	90	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.15 [0.62, 2.14]
8.10 Hypomagnesaemia	1	129	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.43 [0.16, 1.13]
8.11 Nausea and vomiting	1	129	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.48 [0.13, 1.77]
8.12 Diarrhoea	1	129	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.11 [0.16, 7.67]