Comparison 22. Sucralfate versus proton pump inhibitors.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Clinically important upper GI bleeding	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	3	287	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.58 [0.77, 8.63]
2 Nosocomial pneumonia	4	424	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.41, 1.09]
2.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	3	287	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.57, 1.36]
2.2 Sucralfate vs pantoprazole	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.39 [0.20, 0.75]
3 All‐cause mortality in ICU	4	424	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.07 [0.68, 1.68]
3.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	3	287	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.26 [0.75, 2.11]
3.2 Sucralfate vs pantoprazole	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.65 [0.25, 1.68]
4 All‐cause mortality in hospital	2	278	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.46, 1.37]
4.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	1	141	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.97 [0.49, 1.91]
4.2 Sucralfate vs pantoprazole	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.56 [0.21, 1.45]
5 Duration of ICU stay	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
5.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	2	217	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.01 [‐1.68, 1.70]
6 Duration of intubation	3	354	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.16 [‐1.61, 1.28]
6.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	2	217	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐1.56, 1.60]
6.2 Sucralfate vs pantoprazole	1	137	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.10 [‐4.69, 2.49]
7 Number of participants requiring blood transfusion	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 Sucralfate vs omeprazole	1	70	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.91 [0.29, 118.78]
8 Adverse events of interventions	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Fever	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.70, 0.94]
8.2 Leucocytosis	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.66 [0.55, 0.80]
8.3 Sudden purulent sputum	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.38, 1.86]
8.4 Sudden cough or aggravation of coughing	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.07, 0.79]
8.5 Dyspnoea	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.68 [0.54, 0.87]
8.6 Rales or bronchial sounds	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.31 [0.19, 0.51]
8.7 Aggravation of blood gas exchange	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.49, 1.18]
8.8 Change in sputum quality	1	137	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.23 [0.13, 0.40]