Khorvash 2014.

Methods	Parallel‐group quasi‐randomised controlled trial
Participants	Baseline characteristics Number randomised: 148 participants Number analysed: 137 participants Pantoprazole Age (years; mean (range)): 51.5 (21.4) Number of participants (n): 74 Gender (male/female; n): 55/16 Sucralfate Age (years; mean (range)): 49.8 (19.5) Number of participants (n): 74 Gender (male/female; n): 50/16 Inclusion criteria Admitted to ICU Accepting to cooperate Exclusion criteria Early discharge from ICU Death before 10 days Inception of antibiotic before incidence of pneumonia or Sensitivity to the drug Baseline imbalance: ‐
Interventions	Pantoprazole Dose (total/d): ‐ Duration of treatment (days): ‐ Route: ‐ Intervention: ‐ Concomitant medications: Sucralfate Dose (total/d): ‐ Duration of treatment (days): ‐ Route: ‐ Intervention: ‐ Concomitant medications: ‐ Adherence to regimen: ‐ Duration of trial: early 2010 to mid‐2011 Duration of follow‐up: ‐
Outcomes	Outcomes sought in review and reported in trial Ventilator‐associated pneumonia Duration of ventilation Duration of hospital stay All‐cause mortality Adverse events Outcomes sought but not reported in trial Clinically important GI bleeding Outcomes reported but not used in review Consolidation in X‐ray Cavitation Chronic infiltration Purulent sputum Risk factors for ventilator‐associated pneumonia
Notes	Setting: ICU, Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran Source of funding: ‐ Conflicts of interest: ‐ Ethics approval: Study was approved by the medical universities ethics committee at Isfahan University of Medical Sciences Informed consent: Quote: "after they agreed to cooperate" Comment: included in the trial report Clinical trials registration: ‐ Sample size calculation: ‐
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	High risk	Quote: "Patients were consecutively assigned to each group. The first patient was selected randomly" Comment: no randomisation, quasi‐randomised study
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	High risk	Comment: consecutive pattern of allocation
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comment: no blinding reported, but lack of blinding is unlikely to introduce bias to outcome measures or outcomes
Blinding (detection bias) Clinically important upper GI bleeding	Unclear risk	Comment: Study did not address this outcome
Blinding (detection bias) Nosocomial pneumonia	Low risk	Quote: "Ventilator‑associated pneumonia is defined as a group of pneumonias that occur 48 hours after the patient is ventilated if the patient did not have primary signs of the infection at the time of arriving ICU. VAP is one of the most prevalent nosocomial infections and pneumonia is causes 27% of infections in ICU" Comment: Criteria for diagnosis of the outcome were reported objectively
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Adverse reactions of interventions	Unclear risk	Comment: no blinding of outcome assessors described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comment: "11 patients were excluded for different reasons like not using the drug, changing the drug by the physician, and so on. Three of them were from the pantoprazole and 8 of them were from sucralfate group"
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no outcomes of interest described in the Methods section; assessment of selective outcome reporting difficult
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no other sources of bias suspected