Selvanderan 2015.

Methods	Parallel‐group randomised controlled trial
Participants	Baseline characteristics Number randomised: 214 participants Number analysed: 214 participants Pantoprazole Age (years; mean (SD)): ‐ (‐) Number of participants (n): ‐ Gender (male/female; n): ‐ Placebo Age (years, mean (SD)): ‐ (‐) Number of participants (n): ‐ Gender (male/female; n): ‐ Inclusion criteria Anticipated to require mechanical ventilation for > 24 hours Commence enteral nutrition within 48 hours of admission Exclusion criteria: ‐ Baseline imbalances: ‐
Interventions	Pantoprazole Dose (total/d): 40 mg Duration of treatment (days): ‐ Route: IV Intervention: ‐ Concomitant medications: ‐ Placebo Dose (total/d): ‐ Duration of treatment (days): ‐ Route: ‐ Intervention: ‐ Concomitant medications: ‐ Adherence to regimen: ‐ Duration of trial: January 2014 to January 2015 Duration of follow‐up: 90 days
Outcomes	Outcomes sought in review and reported in trial Incidence of clinically important GI bleeding Incidence of VAP All‐cause mortality in hospital Outcomes sought but not reported in trial Duration of ICU stay Duration of intubation Adverse events of interventions Outcomes reported in trial but not used in review Clostridium difficile infection Daily haemoglobin concentrations
Notes	Setting: ICU Source of funding: ‐ Conflicts of interest: ‐ Ethics approval: ‐ Informed consent: ‐ Clinical trials registration: ‐ Sample size calculation: ‐ Additional notes: ‐
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: not enough details reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no details reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "double blind fashion" Comment: no details on blinding reported. Lack of blinding is unlikely to introduce bias to outcome measures or outcomes
Blinding (detection bias) Clinically important upper GI bleeding	Low risk	Quote: "(haematemesis, bloody gastric aspirate, melaena or haematochezia), clinically significant bleeding (overt bleeding accompanied by a drop in mean arterial pressure > 20mmHg, or reduction in haemoglobin > 20g/L, or need for surgical intervention)" Comment: criteria for diagnosis of GI bleeding described.
Blinding (detection bias) Nosocomial pneumonia	Unclear risk	Comment: no criteria for diagnosis of VAP described
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) Adverse reactions of interventions	Unclear risk	Comment: no information about blinding of outcome assessors described
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comment: not enough information reported to assess incomplete outcome data. Conference abstract
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comment: no incomplete reporting of outcomes suspected. All outcomes listed in the Methods section were also reported in the Results section briefly
Other bias	Unclear risk	Comment: no other sources of bias suspected, but very little information reported overall