Betjes 2004.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study duration: May 2002 to June 2003 Duration of follow‐up: 90 days
Participants	Setting: single centre Country: Netherlands Patients who needed a HD catheter for starting or continuing HD treatment Number: 58 randomised, 76 catheters; treatment group (37 catheters); control group (39 catheters) Mean age ± SD (years): treatment group (58.3 ± 16.3); control group (50.3 ± 20.4) Sex (M): treatment group (56.8%); control group (61.5%) Exclusion criteria: HD catheter was used on the ICU or for reasons other than HD; using antibiotics
Interventions	Treatment group Sodium citrate: 4% Taurolidine: 1.35% Control group Heparin: 5000 U/mL
Outcomes	CRI Clinical exit‐site infection Bacterial colonisation CRS or bacterial colonisation‐free survival
Notes	Nasal mupirocin was administered to participants Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"...computer‐generated table of random numbers. The randomization procedure was done independent of type of catheter or place of insertion"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All patient outcome data reported
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Study protocol not available but published results include all expected outcomes
Other bias	Unclear risk	Funding sources not reported