Rashwan 2011.

Methods	Randomised controlled trial.
Participants	Inclusion: induction of labour, maternal age 20‐30 years, gestational age 36‐42 weeks, vertex presentation, Bishop score > 4, no indication for caesarean section (inadequate pelvis, cephalopelvic disproportion, persistent non‐reassuring fetal heart rate, scarred uterus), no chronic or pregnancy‐induced illness. Setting: Kasr Al‐Aini Maternity Hospital, Cairo, Egypt, 1 st of September 2008 to the 15th of June 2010 (period of inclusion). Number of included participants: 200 women (continued group 100 women (60 nulliparous and 40 multiparous) versus discontinued group 100 women (60 nulliparous and 40 multiparous)).
Interventions	Oxytocin No infusion In group I, oxytocin was continued throughout labour. In group II, oxytocin was discontinued when the active phase of labour was established (not defined by the authors). Induction of labour was started in all patients using the low‐dose protocol suggested by ACOG by oxytocin intravenous drip infusion at a rate of 1 mIU/minute (5 IU of oxytocin was diluted in 500 mL of 0.9% NaCl). The dose was increased every 20 minutes by 1 mIU/minute until regular contractions at a rate of 3 to 5 per 10 minutes were reached. The maximal allowed dose of oxytocin was 20 mIU/minute.
Outcomes	Primary outcome Duration from induction to delivery Secondary outcome Duration of labour stages Mode of delivery Abnormalities in fetal heart rate Detection of meconium upon rupture of membranes Uterine hyperstimulation
Notes	Trial was unregistered. Sources of trial funding: no information provided. Information on declaration of interest is absent from the trial report.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Blinding of outcome assessor is not reported.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No data on number of eligible women. No Consort flow diagram. Timing of randomisation in relation to labour not stated. No statement about post‐randomisation exclusions.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	No protocol published prior to trial initiation. Trial was unregistered.
Other bias	Unclear risk	No other sources of bias noted