| 1 PTSD symptoms at endpoint |
15 |
1250 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.10 [‐1.39, ‐0.81] |
| 1.1 War/armed conflict |
7 |
568 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.06 [‐1.51, ‐0.61] |
| 1.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
3 |
84 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.31 [‐4.22, ‐0.39] |
| 1.3 Communal violence |
2 |
419 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.01 [‐1.48, ‐0.54] |
| 1.4 Food shortages |
1 |
28 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.97 [‐1.77, ‐0.18] |
| 1.5 Other |
2 |
151 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.64 [‐0.97, ‐0.31] |
| 2 PTSD symptoms at 1 to 4 months |
16 |
1568 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.47 [‐0.66, ‐0.29] |
| 2.1 War/armed conflict |
7 |
958 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.56 [‐0.88, ‐0.23] |
| 2.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
5 |
180 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.52 [‐0.88, ‐0.17] |
| 2.3 Communal violence |
1 |
281 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.37 [‐0.65, ‐0.09] |
| 2.4 Food shortages |
1 |
28 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.62 [‐1.39, 0.15] |
| 2.5 Other |
2 |
121 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.19 [‐0.55, 0.17] |
| 3 PTSD symptoms ≥ 6 months |
5 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 3.1 War/armed conflict |
5 |
400 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.37 [‐0.61, ‐0.14] |
| 4 Anxiety symptoms at endpoint |
4 |
535 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.76 [‐1.10, ‐0.42] |
| 4.1 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
2 |
52 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.30 [‐1.92, ‐0.67] |
| 4.2 Communal violence |
1 |
274 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.48 [‐0.72, ‐0.24] |
| 4.3 War/armed conflict |
1 |
209 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.74 [‐1.02, ‐0.45] |
| 5 Anxiety symptoms at 1 to 4 months |
6 |
969 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.42 [‐0.70, ‐0.14] |
| 5.1 War/armed conflict |
3 |
636 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.69 [‐1.03, ‐0.36] |
| 5.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
2 |
52 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.06 [‐0.50, 0.63] |
| 5.3 Communal violence |
1 |
281 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.21 [‐0.49, 0.07] |
| 6 Depressive symptoms at endpoint |
14 |
1378 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.89 [‐1.06, ‐0.72] |
| 6.1 War/armed conflict |
7 |
841 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.96 [‐1.20, ‐0.73] |
| 6.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
3 |
84 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.10 [‐1.58, ‐0.63] |
| 6.3 Communal violence |
1 |
274 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.90 [‐1.15, ‐0.65] |
| 6.4 Food shortages |
1 |
28 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.80 [‐1.58, ‐0.01] |
| 6.5 Other |
2 |
151 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.53 [‐1.20, 0.14] |
| 7 Depressive symptoms at 1 to 4 months |
14 |
1093 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.60 [‐1.05, ‐0.15] |
| 7.1 War/armed conflict |
4 |
608 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.57 [‐1.04, ‐0.10] |
| 7.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
6 |
202 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.30 [‐0.71, 0.11] |
| 7.3 Communal violence |
1 |
134 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐3.56 [‐4.15, ‐2.98] |
| 7.4 Food shortages |
1 |
28 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.37 [‐1.13, 0.38] |
| 7.5 Other |
2 |
121 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.13 [‐0.49, 0.23] |
| 8 Depressive symptoms ≥ 6 months |
2 |
|
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 8.1 War/armed conflict |
2 |
242 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.20 [‐0.49, 0.09] |
| 9 Dropout |
25 |
2354 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.78, 1.11] |
| 9.1 War/armed conflict |
16 |
1529 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.74, 1.15] |
| 9.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
4 |
106 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
9.94 [0.61, 160.94] |
| 9.3 Communal violence |
2 |
494 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.01 [0.54, 1.91] |
| 9.4 Food shortages |
1 |
28 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 9.5 Other |
2 |
197 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.12, 2.67] |
| 10 Functional impairment at endpoint |
5 |
686 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.55 [‐0.80, ‐0.30] |
| 10.1 Communal violence |
1 |
274 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.56 [‐0.80, ‐0.32] |
| 10.2 Other |
2 |
151 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.45 [‐1.30, 0.40] |
| 10.3 War/armed conflict |
2 |
261 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.68 [‐0.93, ‐0.43] |
| 11 Functional impairment at 1 to 4 months |
7 |
1061 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.36 [‐0.55, ‐0.16] |
| 11.1 War/armed conflict |
4 |
659 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.44 [‐0.75, ‐0.14] |
| 11.2 Communal violence |
1 |
281 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.36 [‐0.63, ‐0.08] |
| 11.3 Other |
2 |
121 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.08 [‐0.43, 0.28] |
| 12 Quality of life at endpoint |
4 |
325 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.73 [‐1.22, ‐0.25] |
| 12.1 War/armed conflict |
3 |
287 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.71 [‐1.35, ‐0.07] |
| 12.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
1 |
38 |
Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.88 [‐1.55, ‐0.21] |
| 13 Diagnosis of PTSD |
4 |
299 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.74 [0.46, 1.17] |
| 13.1 War/armed conflict |
2 |
214 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.28 [0.28, 5.77] |
| 13.2 Natural hazards (geophysical: earthquake; volcanic eruptions) |
2 |
85 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.52 [0.29, 0.92] |
