Ahmadizadeh 2013.
Methods | RCT | |
Participants | Iranian veterans in 8 years of consecutive Iraq‐Iran War combat (1982‐1989), 25‐50 years of age, with diagnosis of PTSD merely or PTSD with concomitant depression (diagnosed with DSM‐IV‐TR). They presented a variety of concerns to the Deployment Health Clinic of Bonyad‐e‐Shahid and Sepah Pasdaran between 2005 and 2006 in Tehran | |
Interventions | Problem‐solving therapy: 25 participants Exposure therapy: 25 participants Combined therapy (exposure therapy plus problem solving): 25 participants Control group: 25 participants |
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Outcomes | Quality of life using Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire; psychiatric problems using Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised (SCL90‐R) | |
Notes | ||
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "Were randomly allocated to one of four equal interventional groups" |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | High risk | Study report declares that 120 patients were included in the study but later adds that each of 4 study groups was composed of 25 individuals |
Therapist qualification | Low risk | Intervention was delivered by "expert therapists" |
Treatment fidelity | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Therapist/investigator allegiance | Unclear risk | No information provided |
Other bias | Unclear risk | No information provided |