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. 2018 Jul 5;2018(7):CD011849. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011849.pub2

Ahmadizadeh 2013.

Methods RCT
Participants Iranian veterans in 8 years of consecutive Iraq‐Iran War combat (1982‐1989), 25‐50 years of age, with diagnosis of PTSD merely or PTSD with concomitant depression (diagnosed with DSM‐IV‐TR). They presented a variety of concerns to the Deployment Health Clinic of Bonyad‐e‐Shahid and Sepah Pasdaran between 2005 and 2006 in Tehran
Interventions Problem‐solving therapy: 25 participants
Exposure therapy: 25 participants
Combined therapy (exposure therapy plus problem solving): 25 participants
Control group: 25 participants
Outcomes Quality of life using Quality of Life (QoL) questionnaire; psychiatric problems using Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised (SCL90‐R)
Notes  
Risk of bias
Bias Authors' judgement Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias) Unclear risk Quote: "Were randomly allocated to one of four equal interventional groups"
Allocation concealment (selection bias) Unclear risk No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk No information provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) 
 All outcomes Unclear risk No information provided
Selective reporting (reporting bias) High risk Study report declares that 120 patients were included in the study but later adds that each of 4 study groups was composed of 25 individuals
Therapist qualification Low risk Intervention was delivered by "expert therapists"
Treatment fidelity Unclear risk No information provided
Therapist/investigator allegiance Unclear risk No information provided
Other bias Unclear risk No information provided