Bryant 2011.

Methods	RCT
Participants	People who were directly exposed to terrorist attacks in southern Thailand, where over 3000 people were killed since 2004. This terrorist activity has arisen from extremist Muslim separatists operating against the Thai government. Many terrorist activities in the 3 southern provinces of Thailand have targeted schools, health workers, and other non‐combatant people. People were identified between May 2007 and February 2009 Inclusion criteria: directly exposed to a terrorist attack, primary diagnosis of PTSD based on DSM‐IV criteria Exclusion criteria: severe suicidal risk, psychosis, substance dependence, younger than 17 years or older than 70 years
Interventions	Cognitive‐behavioural therapy (CBT): 16 participants Treatment as usual (TAU): 12 participants
Outcomes	PTSD diagnosis was determined by the PTSD Symptom Scale ‐ Interview (PSS‐I). Depression was assessed using the Beck Depression Inventory‐II. Complicated grief was assessed using the Inventory of Complicated Grief
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "Patients were randomised according to a random numbers system administered by health officials in Bangkok (fully independent of counsellors and the study co‐ordinator)"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Quote: "TAU comprised the equivalent number of sessions of supportive counselling being provided by psychiatrists who were not trained in CBT" No further information
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "Assessments conducted at post‐treatment and 3 months following treatment were conducted by independent personnel unaware of patients’ treatment condition"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "There were no treatment dropouts"
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Primary outcomes are reported
Therapist qualification	Low risk	Trained psychologists or psychiatric nurses
Treatment fidelity	Low risk	Quote: "At the completion of treatment sessions, therapists compiled checklists that itemized each of the therapy components. Therapists providing CBT indicated on their checklists that all patients in CBT received education, anxiety management, imaginal exposure, and cognitive restructuring"
Therapist/investigator allegiance	Unclear risk	No information provided
Other bias	Unclear risk	No information provided