Connolly 2011.

Methods	RCT
Participants	145 adult survivors of the 1994 genocide in Rwanda, in which during a 100‐day period an estimated 800,000 members of the minority ethnic population and many moderates belonging to the majority ethnic population were massacred by a group of radicals of the majority population. Trial participants volunteered to receive brief treatment for symptoms of trauma. All participants met the DSM‐IV criterion A1 for Post‐Traumatic Stress Disorder symptoms Age range: 18‐73 years
Interventions	Thought field therapy (TFT) is a brief treatment that includes exposure to the problem and identification of feelings elicited by thinking about the problem and stimulation of selected acupoints on the surface of the skin in a sequence that is specific to identified emotions. Elements of PTSD are targeted via a trauma treatment protocol
Outcomes	PTSD symptoms, as measured with the Modified PTSD Symptom Scale (MPSS); other symptoms that trauma victims experience (i.e. anxiety, depression, anger/irritability, intrusive experience, etc.), as measured with the Trauma Symptom Inventory (TSI)
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "A randomised wait list control group design was used (...) participants were randomly assigned to an immediate treatment group or the wait list control group. Blank surveys were in file folders delineated as treatment (blue folders) or wait list group (red folders) and were stacked alternately. The intake person removed the top file from the stack and assigned the participant to that group, continuing with alternating group assignments"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Only data from MPSS scale are available for the whole sample
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	All outcomes listed in the "Methods" section are reported in the "Results" section
Therapist qualification	Unclear risk	Quote: "The therapists received two days of training in Thought Field Therapy at the algorithm level (...) none of the Rwandan therapists in this study were mental health professionals"
Treatment fidelity	Low risk	Quote: "The trainers were available for supervision throughout the entire study, and to ensure that the standard TFT algorithm protocols taught in the training were adhered to by the newly trained Rwandan therapists"
Therapist/investigator allegiance	High risk	Study authors were involved in treatment development
Other bias	Unclear risk	No information provided