Neuner 2008b.

Methods	RCT
Participants	Refugees who fulfilled DSM–IV criteria for PTSD (assessed with the PDS) who lived in 2 villages closest to the research base in the settlement
Interventions	Trauma counselling (TC): 111 participants Monitoring group (MG): 55 participants
Outcomes	PTSD symptoms
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "The list of participants was ordered randomly; the first 4 were consecutively assigned to the NET, TC, NET, and TC groups; and the fifth was assigned to the MG group. This procedure was repeated until all 277 participants were assigned"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Participants were aware of their treatment allocation
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Interviewers were blind with respect to the particular treatment condition
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	More than 20% of participants abandoned the study prematurely Study endpoint: 50/111 missing from NET group; 52/111 missing from TC group
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Only 1 outcome measure tested
Therapist qualification	Unclear risk	Trained counsellors
Treatment fidelity	Unclear risk	No information provided
Therapist/investigator allegiance	High risk	Study authors were involved in treatment development
Other bias	Unclear risk	Sponsorship bias cannot be ruled out