Zang 2014.

Methods	Randomised, wait list controlled study.
Participants	The study was conducted after the Sichuan earthquake in 2008. Randomisation took place between October 2010 and January 2011 (30 to 34 months after the earthquake) Eligible participants were 18 years of age or older and met DSM‐IV criteria for PTSD as measured by the PDS. Exclusion criteria included suicidal ideation or substance abuse, participation in another psychological treatment programme, and an inability to finish treatment
Interventions	Narrative exposure therapy (NET): 10 participants NET‐R: 10 participants Wait list: 10 participants
Outcomes	Severity of PTSD symptoms was assessed via the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised (IES‐R); depression and anxiety with the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS); general health on the Chinese version of the General Health Questionnaire‐28 (GHQ‐28); both positive and negative post‐traumatic changes on the Short Form of the Changes in Outlook Questionnaire (CiQQ‐S); social support by the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS); and coping strategies by the 28‐item Brief COPE
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"Participants were randomly allocated [...] by a computer‐generated list of random numbers"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No information is provided, but it's hard to believe that blinding of participants could have been respected in such a study design
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Quote: "The pre‐ and post‐ treatment assessments were carried out by a trained assessor not involved in the treatments and blind to the treatment conditions"
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No participants dropped out from the programme
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	The study protocol is not available, but it is clear that published reports include all expected outcomes
Therapist qualification	Low risk	Intervention was delivered by trained psychologists
Treatment fidelity	Low risk	Quote: "Treatment adherence was monitored by the direct observation of treatment sessions, by case discussions in supervision meetings, and by a review of the records and treatment protocols"
Therapist/investigator allegiance	Unclear risk	No information provided
Other bias	Low risk	Sponsorship: "The research was also supported and partially sponsored by the Building Experience and Skill Travel Scholarships (BESTS) of the University of Nottingham"

AUDIT: Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test

AYPA: African Youth Psychosocial Assessment Instrument

BA; behavioural activation

BDI: Beck Depression Inventory

CAPS: Clinician Administered Post‐traumatic stress disorder Scale

CBT: cognitive‐behavioural therapy

CD‐RISC: Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale

CES‐D: Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale

CETA: common elements treatment approach

CGI: Clinician’s Global Impression–Improvement

CiQQ‐S: Changes in Outlook Questionnaire

CMHW: community mental health worker

CMTR: Chinese My Trauma Recovery

CP: creative play

CPT: cognitive processing therapy

CRIES: Children Revised Impact of Events Scale

CSE: Trauma Coping Self‐Efficacy Scale

CTS: Conflict Tactics Scale

DSM: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

EUROHIS‐QOL: European Health Interview Survey‐Quality of Life

EMDR: eye movement desensitisation and reprocessing

FAQ: Fear and Avoidance Questionnaire

FORNET: Narrative exposure therapy for forensic offender rehabilitation

GHQ: General Health Questionnaire

GIS: Global Improvement Scale

GSE: Generalized Self Efficacy

HADS: Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale

HSCL: Hopkins Symptoms Checklist

HTQ: Harvard Trauma Questionnaire

IES‐R: Impact of Event Scale‐Revised

IPT: interpersonal psychotherapy

IPT‐G: group interpersonal psychotherapy

ISIL: Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant

ISIS: Islamic State of Iraq and Syria

MDD: major depressive disorder

MG: monitoring

min: minute

MPSS: Modified Post‐traumatic stress disorder Symptom Scale

MSPSS: Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support

N: number

NET: narrative exposure therapy

NGO: non‐governmental organisation

NITE: Nocturnal Intrusions after Traumatic Experiences questionnaire

OR: odds ratio

PCC: Post‐Traumatic Cognitive Changes

PCL: Post‐traumatic stress disorder Check List

PDS: Post‐traumatic stress disorder Diagnostic Scale

PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire

PM: problem management

PSS‐I : Post‐traumatic stress disorder Symptom Scale ‐ Interview

PSYCHLOPS: Psychological Outcome Profiles

PTSD; post‐traumatic stress disorder

PTSD‐RI: Post‐traumatic stress disorder Reaction Index

PTSS: post‐traumatic stress syndrome

QoL: quality of life

QLI: Quality of Life Index

RCT: randomised controlled trial

R‐TEP: Recent Traumatic Episode Protocol

SAS: Social Adjustment Scale

SCID: structured clinical interview

SCL‐90: Symptom Checklist 90

SCL‐D: Symptom Checklist 90‐Depression

SCL90‐R: Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised

SCSQ: Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire

SD: standard deviation

SFI: Social Functioning Impairment

SIFP: Self‐Inventory for post‐traumatic stress disorder

SLIPSS‐A: Sri Lanka Index of Psychosocial Status

SNRI: serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor

SRQ: Self‐Report Questionnaire

SSBT: school‐based support team

SSRI: selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor

STAXI: State Trait Anger Expression Inventory

TC: trauma counselling

TF‐CBT: trauma‐focused cognitive‐behavioural therapy

TFT: thought field therapy

TSSC: Traumatic Stress Symptom Checklist

TSI: Trauma Symptom Inventory

UCLA‐PTSD‐ RI: University College of Los Angeles Post‐traumatic stress disorder Reaction Index

UN: United Nations

WHO: World Health Organisation

WHODAS: World Health Organisation Disability Assessment Schedule

WHO‐5: World Health Organisation Five Wellbeing Index

WL: wait list

WLC: wait list control

WSA: Work and Social Adjustment Scale