4. Effect of interventions on primary outcome: interventions targeting patients compared to other interventions targeting patients.
| Observer‐based outcome measure ‐ Continous data | Meta‐analysis | |||||||
| Study | Intervention | Intervention | Outcome | N | SMD | SMD (95% CI) | I2 | |
| Montori 2011 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (usual care and booklet) | OPTION | 100 | 1.21 (0.78 to 1.64) | 0.88 (0.39. to1.37) | 74% | x |
| Nannenga 2009 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (pamphlet) | OPTION | 91 | 1.04 (0.60 to 1.48) | x | ||
| Jouni 2017 | Patient‐mediated intervention (conventional risk and genetic risk information + decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (conventional risk information + decision aid) | OPTION5 (/100) | 80 | 0.38 (‐0.06 to 0.82) | x | ||
| Observer‐based outcome measure ‐ Categorical data | Meta‐analysis | |||||||
| Study | Intervention | Intervention | Outcome | N | RD | RD (95% CI) | I2 | |
| No study | ||||||||
| Observer‐based outcome measure ‐ Qualitative statement | Meta‐analysis | |||||||
| Study | Intervention | Intervention | Outcome | Direct quote | ||||
| No study | ||||||||
| Patient reported outcome measure ‐ Continous data | Meta‐analysis | |||||||
| Study | Intervention | Intervention | Outcome | N | SMD | SMD (95% CI) | I2 | |
| Causarano 2014 | Patient‐mediated intervention (Routine education + educational meeting to patient) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Routine education) | Decision making subscale (M‐PICS) | 39 | ‐0.44 (‐1.08 to 0.19) | 0.03 (‐0.16 to 0.23) | 76% | x |
| Deen 2012 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Patient Activation) | Patient Activation Measure (PAM) | 142 | ‐0.15 (‐0.48 to 0.18) | |||
| Deen 2012 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + Patient Activation) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Patient Activation) | Patient Activation Measure (PAM) | 141 | ‐0.05 (‐0.38 to 0.28) | x | ||
| Deen 2012 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + Patient Activation) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient Activation Measure (PAM) | 137 | 0.11 (‐0.22 to 0.45) | |||
| Hamann 2011 | Patient‐mediated intervention (SDM training) | Patient‐mediated intervention (cognitive training) | Who makes important decisions about your medical treatment? (postintervention) | 61 | ‐0.18 (‐0.68 to 0.32) | x | ||
| Hamann 2011 | Patient‐mediated intervention (SDM training) | Patient‐mediated intervention (cognitive training) | Who makes important decisions about your medical treatment? (at 6 months) | 48 | ‐1.09 (‐1.70 to ‐0.48) | |||
| Schroy 2011 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Educational material) | Satisfaction with the decision making process | 422 | 0.66 (0.46 to 0.85) | |||
| Schroy 2011 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + YDR) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Educational material) | Satisfaction with the decision making process | 431 | 0.63 (0.44 to 0.83) | x | ||
| Schroy 2011 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + YDR) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Satisfaction with the decision making process | 419 | ‐0.03 (‐0.22 to 0.16) | |||
| van Roosmalen 2004 | Patient‐mediated intervention (Shared decision making intervention +decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Perceived participation in DM (T4) | 78 | 0.30 (‐0.14 to 0.75) | x | ||
| van Roosmalen 2004 | Patient‐mediated intervention (Shared decision making intervention +decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Perceived participation in DM (T5) | 71 | 0.15 (‐0.31 to 0.62) | |||
| Schroy 2016 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + risk assessment tool) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Satisfaction with Decision making process (SDMP) | 324 | 0.00 (‐0.22 to 0.22) | x | ||
| Adarkwah 2016 | Patient‐mediated intervention (Computerised decision aid (Time‐to‐event)) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Computerised decision aid (emoticon) | PEF‐FB‐9 (SDM‐Q9) | 304 | ‐0.09 (‐0.31 to 0.14) | x | ||
| Barton 2016 | Patient‐mediated intervention (adapted guide) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Existing medication guide) | The Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) measure (which includes a 2‐item decision‐making subscale) (in %) | 97 | ‐0.21 (‐0.61 to 0.19) | |||
| Barton 2016 | Patient‐mediated intervention (adapted guide + decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Existing medication guide) | The Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) measure (which includes a 2‐item decision‐making subscale) (in %) | 110 | ‐0.19 (‐0.56 to 0.19) | |||
| Barton 2016 | Patient‐mediated intervention (adapted guide + decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (adapted guide) | The Interpersonal Processes of Care (IPC) measure (which includes a 2‐item decision‐making subscale) (in %) | 99 | 0.03 (‐0.37 to 0.43) | x | ||
| Eggly 2017 | Patient mediated intervention (QPL‐plus‐Coach) | Patient‐mediated intervention (QPL‐only) | Patient role in treatment decision | 56 | ‐0.18 (‐0.70 to 0.35) | x | ||
| Hamann 2017 | Patient‐mediated intervention (SDM Training for patients) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Cognitive training for patient ‐ control group) | Who makes important decision about your medical treatment ? | 215 | ‐0.26 (‐0.53 to 0.01) | x | ||
| Jouni 2017 | Patient‐mediated intervention (conventional risk and genetic risk information + decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (conventional risk information + decision aid) | SDM‐Q (0‐11) | 207 | 0.13 (‐0.15 to 0.40) | x | ||
| Smallwood 2017 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (web‐based information) | Shared decision Making | 50 | 0.22 (‐0.34 to 0.79) | x | ||
| Patient‐reported outcome measure ‐ Categorical data | Meta‐analysis | |||||||
| Study | Intervention | Intervention | Outcome | N | RD | RD (95% CI) | I2 | |
| Butow 2004 | Patient‐mediated intervention (booklet + brochure + question prompt sheet) | Patient‐mediated intervention (booklet) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 131 | 0.04 (‐0.11 to 0.20) | 0.03 (‐0.02 to 0.08) | 32% | x |
| Davison 1997 | Patient‐mediated intervention (individual empowerment sessions) | Patient‐mediated intervention (information package) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 60 | ‐0.17 (‐0.41 to 0.08) | x | ||
| Deschamps 2004 | Patient‐mediated intervention (pharmacist consultation, patient‐specific information and a 40‐minute consultation with pharmacist) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 90 | 0.11 (‐0.09 to 0.32) | x | ||
| Dolan 2002 | Patient‐mediated intervention (preliminary phase + decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (preliminary phase + educational phase) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 86 | 0.12 (‐0.09 to 0.32) | x | ||
| Kasper 2008 | Patient‐mediated intervention | Patient‐mediated intervention | Modified Control Preference Scale | 278 | 0.03 (‐0.08 to 0.15) | x | ||
| Krist 2007 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid web) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid brochure) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 372 | 0.00 (‐0.10 to 0.09) | x | ||
| Raynes‐Greenow 2010 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid (Audio)) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Pamphlet) | Modified Control Preference Scale ‐ First Follow‐up | 351 | 0.04 (‐0.04 to 0.13) | x | ||
| Raynes‐Greenow 2010 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Pamphlet) | Modified Control Preference Scale ‐ First Follow‐up | 343 | 0.04 (‐0.04 to 0.13) | |||
| Raynes‐Greenow 2010 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid (Audio)) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Pamphlet) | Modified Control Preference Scale ‐ Second Follow‐up | 277 | 0.04 (‐0.04 to 0.13) | |||
| Raynes‐Greenow 2010 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Pamphlet) | Modified Control Preference Scale ‐ Second Follow‐up | 286 | 0.07 (‐0.02 to 0.13) | |||
| Stiggelbout 2008 | Patient‐mediated intervention (individualized brochure) | Patient‐mediated intervention (general brochure) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 64 | ‐0.21 (‐0.44 to 0.02) | x | ||
| Thomson 2007 | Patient‐mediated intervention (Computerised decision aid) | Patient‐mediated intervention (Guidelines) | DM role experienced (patient more important in DM) | 106 | 0.23 (0.05; 0.41) | x | ||
| Davison 2002 | Patient‐mediated intervention (computer) | Patient‐mediated intervention (discussion with research nurse) | Modified Control Preference Scale | 734 | 0.02 (‐0.06 to 0.09) | x | ||
| Patient reported outcome measure ‐ Qualitative statement | Meta‐analysis | |||||||
| Study | Intervention | Intervention | Outcome | Direct quote | ||||
| Köpke 2014 | Patient‐mediated intervention (interactive‐4h education program) | Patient‐mediated intervention (4h MS‐specific stress management program.) | Decision autonomy (at 12 months) | "Overall, 70 (IG) and 72 (CG) decisions on DMDs were reported during the 12 months of follow‐up. In both groups, most decisions were reported to be solely of mostly driven by the patient or were shared between patients and physicians with no differences between groups." Page 414 | na | |||
| Lalonde 2006 | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + personal risk profile) | Patient‐mediated intervention (decision aid + personal risk profile + personal risk assessment) | Decision satisfaction inventory | No statistically significant differences in patient satisfaction with the decision‐making process were detected between the study groups. Page 55 | na | |||
| Street 1995 | Patient‐mediated intervention (Interactive multimedia program (decision aid)) | Patient‐mediated intervention (brochure (decision aid) | Perceived Decision Control Instrument | "The experimental manipulation (computer program versus brochure) had very little effect on the dependent variables." Page 2280 | na | |||
| Butow 2004 | Patient‐mediated intervention (booklet + brochure + question prompt sheet) | Patient‐mediated intervention (booklet) | Physician behaviours facilitating patient involvement | "On average, oncologists demonstrated about 7.5 of the 12 behaviours, with no significant differences between the groups (cancer consultation preparation package (CCPP) versus control booklet)." Page 4406 | na | |||
| Wolderslund 2017 | Patient‐mediated intervention (question prompt list) + other (digital audio recording) | Other (digital audio recording) | Involvement in decision making | "Intention‐to‐treat analyses of the participants’ perception of the consultation showed that on average, 4.5% more patients (range: 4.0‐5.5), regardless of intervention group, rated their satisfaction with the treatment, confidence in and relationship with the health professional, and involvement in decision making in the highest reply category compared with patients in the control group. This increase was significant (p = 0.001) except for decision making (p = 0.044)." Page 247 | na | |||
CG: control group; CI: confidence interval; DM: decision making; IG: intervention group; M‐PICS: modified perceived involvement in care scale; N: sample size; na: not applicable; OPTION: observing patient involvement; QPL: question prompt list; RD: risk difference; SDM: shared decision making; SMD: standardized mean difference; YDR: Web‐based ‘‘Your Disease Risk’’ colorectal cancer risk assessment tool.