Comparison 2. Group 2: Interventions targeting healthcare professionals compared to usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous)	6	479	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.70 [0.21, 1.19]
1.1 Cluster RCT	2	329	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.48 [‐0.25, 1.21]
1.2 Individual RCT	4	150	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.85 [0.06, 1.64]
2 Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous) ‐ CBAs	1	21	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐0.96, 0.76]
3 Shared decision making (PROM, continuous)	5	5772	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.03 [‐0.15, 0.20]
3.1 Cluster RCT	4	5678	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐0.17, 0.20]
3.2 Individual RCT	1	94	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.11 [‐0.30, 0.51]
4 Shared decision making (PROM, categorical)	2	6303	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.01 [‐0.03, 0.06]
5 Knowledge	2	969	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.26 [‐0.16, 0.69]
6 Knowledge (categorical)	1	80	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.13 [‐0.36, 0.10]
7 Satisfaction with consultation	1	479	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.18, 0.18]
8 Satisfaction with information	1	1492	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐0.02, 0.07]
9 Satisfaction with decision making process	1	1488	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.07, 0.02]
10 Satisfaction with discussion	1	1483	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.00 [‐0.05, 0.05]
11 Decision regret	1	326	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.29 [0.07, 0.51]
12 Self‐efficacy	1	4475	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.09, 0.03]
13 Adherence	1	827	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.08 [‐0.21, 0.06]
14 General health	1	4056	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐0.04, 0.08]
15 Psychological well‐being	1	4052	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.06, 0.06]
16 Health‐related quality of life (physical)	1	359	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.16 [‐0.05, 0.36]
17 Health‐related quality of life (mental)	1	359	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.28 [0.07, 0.49]
18 Health‐related quality of life	1	4449	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.06, 0.06]
19 Anxiety	1	3003	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.00 [‐0.02, 0.02]
20 Consultation length	1	175	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.51 [0.21, 0.81]
21 Consultation length (10‐20 min)	1	479	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.04 [‐0.13, 0.05]
22 Safety	1	154	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [‐0.32, 0.32]