Comparison 4. Group 4: Inteventions targeting patients compared to other interventions targeting patients.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Shared decision making (OBOM, continuous)	3	271	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.88 [0.39, 1.37]
2 Shared decision making (PROM, continuous)	11	1906	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.03 [‐0.18, 0.24]
2.1 Cluster RCT	1	78	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [‐0.14, 0.75]
2.2 Individual RCT	10	1828	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.01 [‐0.22, 0.23]
3 Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) comp1 ‐ NRCT	1	97	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.21 [‐0.61, 0.19]
4 Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) comp2 ‐ NRCT	1	110	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.19 [‐0.56, 0.19]
5 Shared decision making (PROM, continuous) comp3 ‐ NRCT	1	99	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.03 [‐0.37, 0.43]
6 Shared decision making (PROM, categorical)	10	2272	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.03 [‐0.02, 0.08]
7 Knowledge	1	596	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.30 [0.13, 0.47]
8 Knowledge (categorical)	3	706	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.16 [‐0.10, 0.42]
9 Satisfaction with decision	1	596	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.07 [‐0.10, 0.24]
10 Satisfaction with treatment	2	267	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.09 [‐0.34, 0.16]
11 Satisfaction with consultation	1	207	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.14 [‐0.42, 0.13]
12 Satisfaction with information provided	1	39	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.11 [‐0.52, 0.73]
13 Decisional conflict	5	1088	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐0.48, 0.08]
14 Decision uncertainty	1	80	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.21 [‐0.65, 0.23]
15 Decision self‐efficacy	2	100	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.02 [‐0.41, 0.37]
16 Match between preferred and actual level of participation in decision making	4	1206	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐0.16, ‐0.05]
17 Match between preferred option and decision made	2	363	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.20 [‐0.60, 0.20]
18 Adherence	1	100	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.05 [‐0.35, 0.44]
19 Adherence (categorical)	3	301	Risk Difference (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.01 [‐0.10, 0.12]
20 General health	1	88	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.19 [‐0.61, 0.23]
21 Anxiety	2	682	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.11 [‐0.27, 0.05]
22 Depression	1	86	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.27 [‐0.69, 0.16]
23 Consultation length	1	39	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.65 [‐1.29, ‐0.00]