Deen 2012.

Methods	Study design: patient‐randomized trial Unit of allocation: patient Unit of analysis: patient Power calculation: done
Participants	Care setting: primary care; specialized care and ambulatory care (health center); USA Health professionals: not mentioned in paper Patients: 279; no one particular type of clinical condition; 103 males and 176 females
Interventions	Four arms: Pptient‐mediated intervention (decision aid (DA) and patient activation (PA)) patient‐mediated intervention ( PA) patient‐mediated intervention (DA) control (doctor visit) Quote: "Individuals agreeing to participate provided informed consent and were then randomly assigned to one of 4 groups: no intervention (control = data collection and doctor visit), pre‐visit exposure to a PAI, pre‐visit exposure to the DA, and pre‐visit exposure to both DA and the intervention (DA + PAI). The DA selected for this project, ..., to impart general information to patients about their role in gaining information and care within a medical setting." page 179
Outcomes	Patient Activation Measure (PAM); the fostering by healthcare professional of active participating of patients in the decision‐making process.
Notes	Additional information Number of approached patients (eligible): 945 Number of patients per physician: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Individuals agreeing to participate provided informed consent and were then randomly assigned to one of 4 groups." page 179
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: not specified in the paper.
Blinding (performance bias and detection bias) Participant‐reported outcome	Unclear risk	Comment: not specified in the paper.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) Participant‐reported outcome	Unclear risk	Comment: no information about the number of participants excluded in the analysis in the study arms. Exclusion of participants after the randomization may not preserve the benefit of randomization.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Comment: no evidence that outcomes were selectively reported, but no protocol.
Other bias	Low risk	Comment: no evidence of other risk of biases.
Baseline measurement? Participant‐reported outcome	Low risk	Quote: "Pre and post‐visit data were collected in the CHC waiting room prior to and following a physician visit"
Protection against contamination?	High risk	Comment: It was the patients who were randomised
Baseline characteristics patients	High risk	Comment: gender and race/ethinicty were not evenly distributed across the study arms (page 182). Moreover, PAM scores were associated with ethnicity (table 1). Analysis did not adjust for these variables.
Baseline characteristics healthcare professionals	Unclear risk	Comment: No report of characteristics