Comparison 1.
High vs low LCn3 omega‐3 fats (primary outcomes)
| Outcome or subgroup title | No. of studies | No. of participants | Statistical method | Effect size |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 All‐cause mortality (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 39 | 92653 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 2 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ sensitivity analysis (SA) fixed‐effect | 39 | 90244 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.93, 1.01] |
| 3 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 39 | 92653 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 3.1 Low risk of bias | 15 | 33146 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.94, 1.08] |
| 3.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 24 | 59507 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.86, 1.03] |
| 4 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 38 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 4.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 18 | 15654 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.86, 1.14] |
| 4.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 35 | 92397 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 5 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 39 | 92653 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 5.1 LCn3 ≤150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 5.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 1 | 407 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.77 [0.27, 2.18] |
| 5.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤400 mg/d | 1 | 2033 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.72 [0.56, 0.92] |
| 5.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 28 | 87445 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.93, 1.05] |
| 5.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 7 | 2486 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.67, 1.70] |
| 5.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 2 | 282 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.33 [0.03, 3.08] |
| 6 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 39 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 6.1 LCn3 replacing SFA | 5 | 3279 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.72 [0.56, 0.92] |
| 6.2 LCn3 replacing MUFA | 15 | 46176 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.90, 1.02] |
| 6.3 LCn3 replacing N‐6 | 9 | 2806 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.74 [0.51, 1.09] |
| 6.4 LCn3 replacing CHO | 1 | 281 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.52 [0.05, 5.65] |
| 6.5 LCn3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 10 | 39601 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.86, 1.14] |
| 6.6 LCn3 replacement unclear | 3 | 3593 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.46, 1.79] |
| 7 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 39 | 92653 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 7.1 Dietary advice | 3 | 5554 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.90 [0.60, 1.35] |
| 7.2 Supplemental foods | 2 | 5039 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.84, 1.24] |
| 7.3 Supplements (capsule) | 33 | 81855 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.92, 1.01] |
| 7.4 Any combination | 1 | 205 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.65 [0.11, 3.79] |
| 8 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 39 | 92653 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 8.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 18 | 9737 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.82, 1.30] |
| 8.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 14 | 29234 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.86, 0.96] |
| 8.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 7 | 53682 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.98, 1.09] |
| 9 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention | 39 | 92653 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.93, 1.03] |
| 9.1 Primary CVD prevention | 17 | 41202 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.94, 1.08] |
| 9.2 Secondary CVD prevention | 22 | 51451 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.88, 1.04] |
| 10 All‐cause mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use | 39 | 90244 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.92, 1.03] |
| 10.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥50% of control group on statins | 8 | 40500 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.93, 1.11] |
| 10.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 26 | 46604 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.88, 1.03] |
| 10.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear | 5 | 3140 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.58, 1.63] |
| 11 Cardiovascular mortality (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 12 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA fixed‐effect | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.89, 1.00] |
| 13 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 13.1 Low risk of bias | 9 | 29133 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.90, 1.09] |
| 13.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 16 | 38639 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.80, 1.05] |
| 14 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 24 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 14.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 12 | 13244 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.82, 1.23] |
| 14.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 21 | 67516 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.04] |
| 15 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 26 | 67873 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 15.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 15.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d | 1 | 2033 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.70 [0.53, 0.91] |
| 15.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 19 | 64126 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.89, 1.06] |
| 15.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 4 | 1432 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.58, 1.77] |
| 15.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 2 | 282 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.33 [0.03, 3.08] |
| 16 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 26 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 16.1 N‐3 replacing SFA | 3 | 2537 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.69 [0.53, 0.90] |
| 16.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA | 12 | 44242 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.86, 1.04] |
| 16.3 N‐3 replacing N‐6 | 4 | 1435 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.69 [0.41, 1.19] |
| 16.4 N‐3 replacing carbohydrates/sugars | 1 | 281 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.69 [0.12, 4.07] |
| 16.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 8 | 19275 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.84 [0.73, 0.96] |
| 16.6 Replacement unclear | 2 | 3186 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.54 [0.05, 5.77] |
| 17 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 17.1 Dietary advice | 2 | 5147 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.52, 1.71] |
| 17.2 Supplemental foods | 2 | 5039 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.72, 1.32] |
| 17.3 Supplements (capsule) | 21 | 57586 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.88, 0.99] |
| 17.4 Any combination | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 18 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 18.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 10 | 6177 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.88 [0.57, 1.36] |
| 18.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 10 | 26736 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.82, 0.95] |
| 18.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 5 | 34859 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.93, 1.18] |
| 19 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 19.1 Primary prevention | 7 | 17931 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.88, 1.09] |
| 19.2 Secondary prevention | 18 | 49841 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.83, 1.06] |
| 20 CVD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin uses | 25 | 67772 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 20.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins | 6 | 23994 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.90, 1.10] |
| 20.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 17 | 43425 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.82, 1.04] |
| 20.3 LCn3‐ Use of statins unclear | 2 | 353 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.36 [0.06, 2.30] |
| 21 Cardiovascular events (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 22 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA fixed‐effect | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.95, 1.00] |
| 23 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 23.1 Low risk of bias | 14 | 31649 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.96, 1.05] |
| 23.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 24 | 58729 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.03] |
| 24 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 37 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 24.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 16 | 13649 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.84, 1.14] |
| 24.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 33 | 90058 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 25 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 38 | 90453 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 25.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 25.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d | 1 | 2033 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.88, 1.05] |
| 25.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 28 | 85818 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.93, 1.05] |
| 25.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 7 | 2180 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.75, 1.28] |
| 25.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 3 | 422 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.09 [0.65, 1.81] |
| 26 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 38 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 26.1 N‐3 replacing SFA | 4 | 2888 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.87, 1.04] |
| 26.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA | 16 | 45065 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.94, 1.02] |
| 26.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 | 6 | 1891 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.90, 1.35] |
| 26.4 N‐3 replacing carbohydrates/sugars | 1 | 258 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.68 [0.12, 3.98] |
| 26.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 12 | 39907 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.85, 1.07] |
| 26.6 Replacement unclear | 3 | 3429 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.58 [0.16, 2.07] |
| 27 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 27.1 Dietary advice | 3 | 5248 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.13 [0.86, 1.49] |
| 27.2 Supplemental foods | 2 | 5039 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.02 [0.89, 1.17] |
| 27.3 Supplements (capsule) | 33 | 80091 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.91, 1.02] |
| 27.4 Any combination | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 28 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 28.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 18 | 8107 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.68, 1.16] |
| 28.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 14 | 28767 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.93, 1.01] |
| 28.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 6 | 53504 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.91, 1.08] |
| 29 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 29.1 Primary prevention of CVD | 16 | 39751 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.89, 1.05] |
| 29.2 Secondary prevention | 22 | 50627 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.93, 1.07] |
| 30 CVD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use | 38 | 90378 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.94, 1.04] |
| 30.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins | 8 | 42389 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.89, 1.08] |
| 30.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 24 | 45160 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.91, 1.04] |
| 30.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear | 6 | 2829 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.53, 1.63] |
| 31 Coronary heart disease mortality (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 32 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA fixed‐effect | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.85, 1.03] |
| 33 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 33.1 Low risk of bias | 7 | 16372 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.72, 1.37] |
| 33.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 14 | 57119 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.75, 1.10] |
| 34 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 21 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 34.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 9 | 12938 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.83, 1.32] |
| 34.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 20 | 73411 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 35 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA omitting cardiac death | 16 | 65325 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.74, 0.94] |
| 35.1 Low risk of bias | 5 | 12022 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.69, 1.30] |
| 35.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 11 | 53303 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.82 [0.72, 0.94] |
| 36 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 36.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d | 2 | 5147 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.50, 1.74] |
| 36.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 15 | 67442 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.80, 1.07] |
| 36.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 3 | 822 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.49, 1.78] |
| 36.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 1 | 80 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.32 [0.01, 7.57] |
| 37 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 21 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 37.1 N‐3 replacing SFA | 3 | 2514 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.67 [0.51, 0.88] |
| 37.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA | 10 | 31605 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.72, 1.10] |
| 37.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 | 3 | 1409 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.64 [0.33, 1.24] |
| 37.4 N‐3 replacing carbohydrates/sugars | 1 | 258 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.34 [0.01, 8.23] |
| 37.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 7 | 37651 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.83 [0.70, 0.97] |
| 37.6 Replacement unclear | 1 | 3114 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.27 [1.03, 1.57] |
| 38 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 38.1 Dietary advice | 2 | 5147 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.50, 1.74] |
| 38.2 Supplemental foods | 1 | 4837 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.69, 1.33] |
| 38.3 Supplements (capsule) | 18 | 63507 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.90 [0.79, 1.02] |
| 38.4 Any combination | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 39 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 39.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 7 | 5978 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.62, 1.50] |
| 39.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 9 | 26545 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.79 [0.69, 0.90] |
| 39.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 5 | 40968 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.18 [1.00, 1.39] |
| 40 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 40.1 Primary prevention of CVD | 5 | 23789 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.86 [0.46, 1.61] |
| 40.2 Secondary prevention of CVD | 16 | 49702 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.11] |
| 41 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.79, 1.09] |
| 41.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins | 5 | 30025 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.05 [0.84, 1.30] |
| 41.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 15 | 43208 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.72, 1.10] |
| 41.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear | 1 | 258 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.34 [0.01, 8.23] |
| 42 CHD mortality ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by CAD history | 21 | 73491 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.80, 1.09] |
| 42.1 Previous CAD | 11 | 29074 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.77, 1.20] |
| 42.2 No previous CAD | 10 | 44417 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.74, 1.16] |
| 43 Coronary heart disease events (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.97] |
| 44 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA fixed‐effect | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.97] |
| 45 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.97] |
| 45.1 Low risk of bias | 12 | 30227 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.90, 1.05] |
| 45.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 16 | 54074 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.84, 0.95] |
| 46 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 27 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 46.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 12 | 13447 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.86, 1.02] |
| 46.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 25 | 84084 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.98] |
| 47 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 28 | 84376 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.89, 0.98] |
| 47.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 47.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 47.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d | 1 | 2033 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.82, 1.04] |
| 47.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 21 | 80730 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.98] |
| 47.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 4 | 1191 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.90 [0.53, 1.53] |
| 47.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 3 | 422 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.54, 1.85] |
| 48 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 28 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 48.1 N‐3 replacing SFA | 3 | 2514 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.53 [0.16, 1.75] |
| 48.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA | 15 | 44954 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.90, 1.01] |
| 48.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 | 4 | 1549 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.88, 1.39] |
| 48.4 N‐3 replacing carbohydrates/sugars | 1 | 258 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.11 [0.01, 2.07] |
| 48.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 8 | 37843 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.85 [0.78, 0.94] |
| 48.6 Replacement unclear | 1 | 243 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.89 [0.08, 9.70] |
| 49 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.89, 0.98] |
| 49.1 Dietary advice | 2 | 2134 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.67, 1.52] |
| 49.2 Supplemental foods | 2 | 5039 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.75, 1.18] |
| 49.3 Supplements (capsule) | 24 | 77128 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.98] |
| 49.4 Any combination | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 50 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.89, 0.98] |
| 50.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 11 | 7009 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.86, 1.03] |
| 50.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 12 | 26902 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.91 [0.84, 0.98] |
| 50.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 5 | 50390 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.83, 1.07] |
| 51 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.89, 0.98] |
| 51.1 Primary prevention of CVD | 11 | 37365 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.81, 1.10] |
| 51.2 Secondary prevention of CVD | 17 | 46936 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.98] |
| 52 CHD events ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.89, 0.98] |
| 52.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins | 8 | 42735 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.85, 1.05] |
| 52.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 17 | 40674 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.86, 0.98] |
| 52.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear | 3 | 892 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.65 [0.11, 3.83] |
| 53 CHD events ‐ LCn3 subgroup by CAD history | 28 | 84301 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.88, 0.97] |
| 53.1 Previous CAD | 12 | 26124 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.87, 0.98] |
| 53.2 No previous CAD | 16 | 58177 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.86, 1.01] |
| 54 Stroke (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.96, 1.16] |
| 55 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA fixed‐effect | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.97, 1.16] |
| 56 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.96, 1.16] |
| 56.1 Low risk of bias | 12 | 32039 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.86, 1.12] |
| 56.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 16 | 57319 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.13 [1.00, 1.29] |
| 57 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 27 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 57.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 12 | 14451 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.19 [0.86, 1.65] |
| 57.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 26 | 89231 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.07 [0.97, 1.18] |
| 58 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by stroke type | 13 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 58.1 Ischaemic stroke ‐ LCn3 | 8 | 35040 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.09 [0.89, 1.33] |
| 58.2 Haemorrhagic stroke ‐ LCn3 | 8 | 36645 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.20 [0.85, 1.69] |
| 58.3 Transient ischaemic attack (TIA) | 5 | 5032 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.74 [0.39, 1.39] |
| 59 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 28 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 59.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 59.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 59.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d | 1 | 2033 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.45 [0.14, 1.44] |
| 59.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 24 | 86335 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.97, 1.16] |
| 59.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 1 | 610 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.69 [0.16, 3.07] |
| 59.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 2 | 380 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 6.58 [0.78, 55.16] |
| 60 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 28 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 60.1 N‐3 replacing SFA | 3 | 2514 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.53 [0.19, 1.50] |
| 60.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA | 14 | 45252 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.94, 1.31] |
| 60.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 | 3 | 1179 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 2.08 [0.18, 24.31] |
| 60.4 N‐3 replacing carbohydrates/sugars | 1 | 258 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.34 [0.01, 8.23] |
| 60.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 9 | 39555 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.07 [0.92, 1.24] |
| 60.6 Replacement unclear | 1 | 3114 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.12 [0.55, 2.29] |
| 61 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.96, 1.16] |
| 61.1 Dietary advice | 3 | 5248 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.42, 2.05] |
| 61.2 Supplemental foods | 1 | 4837 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.47, 2.62] |
| 61.3 Supplements (capsule) | 24 | 79273 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.07 [0.97, 1.18] |
| 61.4 Any combination | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 62 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.96, 1.16] |
| 62.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 11 | 7467 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.35 [0.86, 2.12] |
| 62.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 11 | 28387 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.15 [0.93, 1.41] |
| 62.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 6 | 53504 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.91, 1.13] |
| 63 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.96, 1.16] |
| 63.1 Primary prevention of CVD | 9 | 39332 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.86, 1.09] |
| 63.2 Secondary prevention of CVD | 19 | 50026 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.21 [1.05, 1.40] |
| 64 Stroke ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use | 28 | 89358 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.96, 1.16] |
| 64.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins | 8 | 42962 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.03 [0.86, 1.23] |
| 64.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 17 | 44999 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.18 [1.02, 1.37] |
| 64.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear | 3 | 1397 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.38, 2.34] |
| 65 Arrythmia (overall) ‐ LCn3 | 27 | 53796 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.90, 1.05] |
| 66 Arrhythmia‐ LCn3 ‐ SA fixed‐effect | 27 | 53796 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.96, 1.07] |
| 67 Arrhythmia‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias | 27 | 53796 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.90, 1.05] |
| 67.1 Low risk of bias | 10 | 25801 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.98, 1.23] |
| 67.2 Moderate/high risk of bias | 17 | 27995 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.84, 1.02] |
| 68 Arrhythmia‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size | 26 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 68.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias | 10 | 12914 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.86, 1.09] |
| 68.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised | 26 | 53749 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.89, 1.05] |
| 69 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by new or recurrent | 27 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 69.1 New arrhythmia | 16 | 50175 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.07 [0.99, 1.16] |
| 69.2 Recurrent arrhythmia | 12 | 4425 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.84, 1.03] |
| 70 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by fatality | 17 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 70.1 Fatal arrhythmias ‐ LCn3 | 2 | 12938 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.95, 1.31] |
| 70.2 Non‐fatal arrhythmias ‐ LCn3 | 8 | 2079 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.74 [0.57, 0.96] |
| 70.3 Fatal and non‐fatal arrhythmias combined ‐ LCn3 | 10 | 36007 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.06 [0.97, 1.17] |
| 71 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose | 27 | 53796 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.89, 1.04] |
| 71.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 71.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d | 1 | 407 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.01 [0.90, 1.12] |
| 71.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 71.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d | 19 | 51535 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.98 [0.88, 1.08] |
| 71.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d | 3 | 1076 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.72 [0.55, 0.94] |
| 71.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d | 2 | 342 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.10 [0.32, 3.83] |
| 71.7 Unclear LCn3 dose | 2 | 436 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.76, 1.28] |
| 72 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement | 27 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 72.1 N‐3 replacing SFA | 2 | 632 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.74 [0.10, 5.67] |
| 72.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA | 12 | 42246 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.88, 1.11] |
| 72.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 | 4 | 1302 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.00 [0.86, 1.16] |
| 72.4 N‐3 replacing carbohydrates/sugars | 1 | 258 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.34 [0.04, 3.21] |
| 72.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo | 6 | 8983 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.80 [0.69, 0.91] |
| 72.6 Replacement unclear | 4 | 1179 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.99 [0.91, 1.08] |
| 73 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type | 27 | 53796 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.90, 1.05] |
| 73.1 Dietary advice | 2 | 508 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.87 [0.44, 1.72] |
| 73.2 Supplemental foods | 2 | 5039 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.92 [0.67, 1.26] |
| 73.3 Supplements (capsule) | 23 | 48249 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.88, 1.06] |
| 73.4 Any combination | 0 | 0 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 74 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration | 27 | 53796 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.89, 1.04] |
| 74.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study | 17 | 8553 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.93 [0.84, 1.04] |
| 74.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study | 7 | 17701 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.96 [0.84, 1.10] |
| 74.3 Long duration: ≥ 4 years in study | 3 | 27542 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.13 [0.99, 1.29] |
| 75 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention3 | 27 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 75.1 Primary prevention | 8 | 14565 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.11 [0.97, 1.28] |
| 75.2 Secondary prevention | 19 | 39231 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.95 [0.86, 1.03] |
| 76 Arrhythmia ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use | 27 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | Subtotals only | |
| 76.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins | 5 | 23779 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 1.07 [0.95, 1.22] |
| 76.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins | 18 | 28932 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.94 [0.85, 1.04] |
| 76.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear | 4 | 1085 | Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) | 0.97 [0.80, 1.18] |