| Methods | RCT, parallel, (n‐3 fish oil + amiodarone vs amiodarone), 12 months Summary risk of bias: moderate or high |
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| Participants | Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) referred to cardioversion N: 23 intervention, 24 control Level of risk for CVD: high Men: 47.8% intervention, 37.5% control Mean age in years (SD): 62 (12) intervention, 61 (11) control Age range: 37‐81 Smokers: not reported Hypertension: 56.5% intervention, 50% control Medications taken by at least 50% of those in the control group: all patients received amiodarone (an antiarrhythmic medication) Medications taken by 20%‐49% of those in the control group: beta‐blockers, statins, ACE inhibitors and ARBs Medications taken by some, but less than 20% of the control group: calcium antagonists Location: Turkey Ethnicity: not reported |
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| Interventions | Type: supplement (capsule) Comparison: LCn3 vs nil Intervention: 2 g/d n‐3 PUFA (Marincap, Kocak, Turkey). 4 × 500 mg capsules providing EPA 18% (360 mg/d); DHA 12% (240 mg/d). Dose: 0.6 g/d EPA + DHA Control: no placebo. Amiodarone was given to both groups. Compliance: no details Duration of intervention: 12 months or AF recurrence |
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| Outcomes | Main study outcome: AF recurrence(endpoint) Dropouts: no details Available outcomes: all cause mortality (nil death), stroke, TIA, AF recurrence (hyperthyroidism diagnosis, hospitalisation) Response to contact: not yet attempted |
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| Notes | Study funding: unclear | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | No details |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "randomised"; no further details |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | No placebo |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | No details |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | All were accounted for |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Unclear risk | No trial registry entry or protocol found |
| Attention | Low risk | Both groups seem to have the same care |
| Compliance | Unclear risk | No information |
| Other bias | Low risk | None noted |
ACE: angiotensin‐converting enzyme; ADAS: Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale; ADL: activities of daily living; AF: atrial fibrillation; AHA: American Heart Association; BMI: body mass index; ALT: alanine transaminase; ARB: angiotensin‐receptor blocker; BMD: bone mineral density; BMI: body mass index; BP: blood pressure; CABG: coronary artery bypass grafting; CDAI: Clinical Disease Activity Index; CHD: coronary heart disease; CHO: carbohydrate; CV: cardiovascular;CRP: C‐reactive protein; CVD: cardiovascular disease; DAS: Disease Activity Score; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; DHA: docosahexaenoic acid; DM: diabetes mellitus; DMARD: disease‐modifying antirheumatic drugs; DPA: docosapentaenoic acid; E: dietary energy; ECG: electrocardiogram; EDSS: Expanded Disability Status Scale; EPA: eicosapentaenoic acid; ESR: erythrocyte sedimentation rate; FA: fatty acid; FFQ: food frequency questionnaire; FH: family history; FMD: flow‐mediated dilation; GFR: glomular filtration rate; GLA: gamma linolenic acid; HbA1c: glycated haemoglobin; HCQ: hydroxychloroquine; HDL: high‐density lipoprotein; H/O: personal history of; HOMA‐IR: homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance; HRT: hormone replacement therapy; HT: hypertension; IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; IADL: instrumental activities of daily living; ICAM‐1: intercellular adhesion molecule 1; IL: interleukin;IMT: immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia; IQR: interquartile range; LCn3: long‐chain omega‐3 fatty acids; LDL: low‐density lipoprotein; MD: mean difference; MDA: malondialdehyde; MI: myocardial infarction; MMSE: Mini–Mental State Examination; MS: multiple sclerosis; MUFA: mono‐unsaturated fatty acids; MXT: methotrexate;n‐3: omega‐3; NASH: non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis; NSAID: non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drug; PAI1: plasminogen activator inhibitor‐1; PI: principal investigator;PUFA: poly‐unsaturated fatty acids; PTCA: percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty; P/S: poly‐unsaturated/saturated fat ratio; QoL: quality of life; QUICKI: quantitative insulin sensitivity check index; RA: rheumatoid arthritis; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SD: standard deviation;SE: standard error; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SFA: saturated fatty acids; SSZ: sulfasalazine; TAG: triacylglycerol; TG: serum triglycerides; TIA: transient ischaemic attack; TNF: tumour necrosis factor; VCAM‐1: vascular cell adhesion molecule 1; WHO: World Health Organization.