3. Subgroup analyses ‐ type of surgery.
| Main meta‐analyses | Open abdominal surgery | Laparoscopic surgery | Other surgery | Test for subgroup difference (P) | |||
| Outcome | n |
Effect estimate (I2) |
n |
Effect estimate (I2) |
n |
Effect estimate (I2) |
|
| Pain score, rest, 'early time points' (1 hr to 4 hrs, PACU) | 8 | −0.54 (−0.82 to −0.26) (51%) |
10 | −0.78 (−1.34 to −0.21) (89%) |
11 | −0.21 (−0.44 to 0.02) (56%) |
0.07 |
| Pain score, rest, 'intermediate time points' (24 hrs) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Pain score, rest, 'late time points' (48 hrs) | 7 | 0.03 (−0.17 to 0.23) (0%) |
7 | −0.30 (−0.74 to 0.13) (74%) |
10 | −0.10 (−0.27 to 0.08) (20%) |
0.35 |
| Postoperative ileus (dichotomous) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Time to first defaecation/bowel movement (hrs) | 6 | −7.09 (−10.33 to −3.86) (0%) |
5 | −6.23 (−18.07 to 5.62) (85%) |
1 | −6.10 (−24.49 to 12.29) NE |
0.41 |
| Time to first flatus (hrs) | 6 | −4.49 (−7.38 to −1.60) (6%) |
5 | −3.07 (−8.28 to 2.15) (78%) |
2 | −2.15 (−3.56 to −0.74) (0%) |
0.36 |
| Time to first bowel sounds (hrs) | 1 | −10.00 (−17.13 to −2.87) NE |
1 | −2.16 (−9.30 to 4.98) NE |
0 | NE | 0.13 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 6 | −0.59 (−0.99 to −0.18) (27%) |
12 | −0.15 (−0.58 to 0.28) (77%) |
14 | −0.48 (−0.84 to −0.11) (69%) |
0.32 |
| Length of hospital stay (outpatient surgery, mins) | 0 | NE | 3 | −10.81 (−36.93 to 15.31) | 0 | NE | NE |
| Surgical complications ‐ anastomotic leak | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Surgical complications ‐ bleeding | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Surgical complications ‐ postoperative infection | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Patient satisfaction | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Postoperative nausea, early (PACU) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Postoperative nausea, overall (0 to 24 hrs, to 48 hrs, to 72 hrs) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Postoperative vomiting, early (PACU) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Postoperative vomiting, overall (0 to 24 hrs, to 48 hrs, to 72 hrs) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Intraoperative opioid consumption (MEQ, mg) | 7 | −1.93 (‐4.61 to 0.75) (78%) |
3 | −0.71 (−7.95 to 6.53) (93%) |
8 | −2.03 (−4.14 to 0.07) (40%) |
0.94 |
| Intraoperative opioid consumption with remifentanil (MEQ, mg) | No subgroup analysis performed (I2 < 30%) | ||||||
| Postoperative opioid consumption, PACU (MEQ, mg) | 5 | −3.03 (−4.82 to −1.23) (0%) |
7 | −3.84 (−4.57 to −3.11) (0%) |
9 | −2.66 (−4.19 to −1.13) (61%) |
0.33 |
| Postoperative opioid consumption, overall (MEQ, mg) | 11 | −3.56 (−6.76 to −0.35) (40%) |
16 | −4.85 (−7.46 to −2.23) (77%) |
13 | −5.54 (−9.35 to −1.72) (77%) |
0.71 |
Acronyms and abbrviations used in this table:
hrs = hours, MEQ = morphine equivalent dose, mins = minutes, NE = not estimable, PACU =post anaesthesia care unit