Kim 2018.

Methods	Randomized, double‐blinded, controlled trial. The authors compared the QoR‐40 scores of female patients who received IV lidocaine, magnesium, and saline during thyroidectomy to investigate their effects on comprehensive recovery from anaesthesia. The study was conducted in the Republic of Korea between December 2013 and October 2014. Trial identifier: NCT02018276
Participants	Sample size: 135 (3 groups, n = 45, respectively) Only two groups are of interest for this review. Inclusion criteria Female patients 20–65 years of age and ASA I or II scheduled to undergo open thyroidectomy under general anaesthesia Exclusion criteria Patients who had been experiencing pain before surgery for any reason and those taking analgesics were excluded. Additional exclusion criteria were as follows: pregnancy or breast feeding; BMI > 30 kg/m2; significant heart, kidney, or liver disease; psychiatric or neurological disorders; and contraindications or hypersensitivity reactions to lidocaine or magnesium.
Interventions	Experimental group (40 patients) Immediately after intubation, lidocaine was administered at 2 mg/kg for 15 minutes, followed by 2 mg/kg/h infusions. The study drug was discontinued just before transfer to the PACU. Control group (37 patients) The saline administered to the patients in group C was infused at the same rate.
Outcomes	QoR‐40 survey, pain, analgesic consumption
Notes	Small trial sample size (< 200 patients) Anaesthesia Anaesthesia was induced by a bolus administration of propofol (1–2 mg/kg) and remifentanil (1–2 μg/kg). Anaesthesia was conducted with 4% to 7% desflurane with adjuvant IV infusion of remifentanil (0.05 to 0.1 μg/kg/min). Funding Departmental funding only Notes N/A