12. Results of cohort studies: subscapular and triceps skinfold thickness.
|
Study ID; mean age at baseline; analysis |
Outcome | Outcome units | Time point (year) | Exposure | Exposure unit | Results of association (all reported values) | Direction;a energy intake adjusted (yes/no) | Matched groups or adjusted for (or both) |
| Subscapular skinfold at > 1to 2 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 155) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Subscapular skinfold | z‐score | 2 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline and 2 years) | NR | n overall = 155; regression result. β = 0.081, P > 0.1, R2 = 0.47, P < 0.001. After 2 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase subscapular skinfold by 0.081 z‐score |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for subscapular z‐score at baseline, energy intake, gender, mother' subscapular and father' subscapular. |
| Subscapular skinfold at > 2to 5 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 152) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Subscapular skinfold | z‐score | 4 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline, 2 and 4 years) | NR | n overall = 152; regression result. β = 0.072, P > 0.1, R2 = 0.38, P < 0.001. After 4 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase subscapular skinfold by 0.072 z‐score. |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for subscapular z‐score at baseline, energy intake, gender, mother' subscapular and father' subscapular. |
| Subscapular skinfold at > 5to 10 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 243) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Subscapular skinfold | z‐score | 9 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline, 2 and 4 years, single 4‐day weighed dietary record at 6 and 9 years) | NR | n overall = 243; regression result. β = 0.069, P > 0.1, R2 = 0.26, P < 0.001. After 9 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase subscapular skinfold by 0.069 z‐score. |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for subscapular z‐score at baseline, energy intake, gender, mother' subscapular and father' subscapular. |
| Subscapular skinfold at > 10 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 218) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Subscapular skinfold | z‐score | 13 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline, 2 and 4 years, single 4‐day weighed dietary record at 6, 9, 11 and 13 years) | NR | n overall = 218; regression result. β = 0.233, P ≤ 0.01. After 13 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase subscapular skinfold by 0.233 z‐score. |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for subscapular z‐score at baseline, energy intake, gender, mother' subscapular and father' subscapular. |
| Triceps skinfold at > 1to 2 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 155) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Triceps skinfold | z‐score | 2 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline and 2 years) | NR | n overall = 155; regression result. β = 0.038, P > 0.1, R2 = 0.27, P ≤ 0.001. After 2 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase triceps skinfold by 0.038 z‐score. |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for triceps z‐score at baseline, gender, mother's triceps and father's triceps. |
| Triceps skinfold at > 2to 5 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 152) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Triceps skinfold | z‐score | 4 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline, 2 and 4 years) | NR | n overall = 152; regression result. Β = 0.11, P > 0.1, R2 = 0.043, P > 0.01. After 4 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase triceps skinfold by 0.11 z‐score |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for triceps z‐score at baseline, gender, mother's triceps and father's triceps. |
| Triceps skinfold at > 5to 10 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 243) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Triceps skinfold | z‐score | 9 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline, 2 and 4 years, single 4‐day weighed dietary record at 6 and 9 years) | NR | n overall = 243; regression result. β = 0.059, P > 0.1; R2 = 0.12, P ≤ 0.01. After 9 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase triceps skinfold by 0.059 z‐score |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for triceps z‐score at baseline, gender, mother's triceps and father's triceps. |
| Triceps skinfold at > 10 years: 1 cohort study; 1 analysis (n = 218) in boys and girls aged 2 years | ||||||||
|
Magarey 2001 2 years; regression |
Triceps skinfold | z‐score | 13 | Total fat intake (single 3‐day weighed dietary record at baseline, 2 and 4 years, single 4‐day weighed dietary record at 6, 9, 11 and 13 years) | NR | n overall = 218; regression result. β = 0.164; 0.05 < P ≤ 0.1. After 13 years, increase in the total fat intake will increase triceps skinfold by 0.164 z‐score |
+ Yes |
Adjusted for triceps z‐score at baseline, gender, mother's triceps and father's triceps. |
aDirection refers to whether there was a positive (+: exposure and outcome moved in the same direction), inverse/negative (‐: exposure and outcome moved in opposite directions) or zero (0: no association) between total fat intake and the outcome;
B: unstandardised beta‐coefficient; β: standardised beta‐coefficient; n: number of participants; NR: not reported.