Pezzati 1999

Methods	Single centre, randomised controlled trial, conducted in Firenze, Italy. Study period: not stated
Participants	17 preterm infants (< 33 weeks' GA) Ibuprofen: 9 infants, mean (SD) GA 29.1 (2.2) weeks; BW 1151 (426) grams Indomethacin: 8 infants, mean (SD) GA 29.5 (2.6) weeks; BW 1277 (440) grams
Interventions	Ibuprofen: 10 mg/kg given as a continuous infusion over 15 minutes Indomethacin: 0.2 mg/kg as a continuous infusion over 15 minutes Regardless of ductal closure after the first dose, all infants received a second and third dose of indomethacin (0.1 mg/kg) or ibuprofen (5 mg/kg) at 24‐hour intervals
Outcomes	Primary outcome: mesenteric and renal blood flow velocity Secondary outcomes: ductal closure, ductal reopening, and NEC
Notes	No information on funding provided
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information provided
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Infants were randomly assigned ‐ no further information provided
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Infants were randomly assigned to receive either IV ibuprofen or IV indomethacin infusions over 15 minutes (see Interventions)
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	It was not stated whether the cardiologist performing the ECHOs was blinded to the treatments or not
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Outcomes reported on all randomised infants
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Study protocol was not available to us so we could not ascertain if there were deviations from the protocol
Other bias	Low risk	Appeared free of other bias