Table 1:
Characteristics of employees of waterpipe tobacco venues in Istanbul and Moscow in 2013-2014
| Characteristics | Overall (N=110) | Istanbul (N=61) | Moscow (N=49) | p-value (a) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of employees per venue | 6 (5, 9) | 11(5, 17) | 6 (5, 9) | <0.001 |
| Age, years | 30 (24, 42) | 30 (24, 40) | 29 (23, 48) | 0.97 |
| Male, % | 76% | 93% | 55% | <0.001 |
| Education, % | <0.001 | |||
| Less than high school | 68% | 88% | 43% | |
| High school | 22% | 12% | 35% | |
| College/university | 10% | 0% | 22% | 0.15 |
| Primary job, % | ||||
| Owner/Manager | 14% | 17% | 10% | |
| Bartender/Waiter | 58% | 62% | 55% | |
| Cook/kitchen staff | 11% | 5% | 18% | |
| Other(b) | 17% | 16% | 17% | <0.001 |
| Smoking status, % | ||||
| Never smoker | 18% | 1% | 39% | |
| Former smoker | 7% | 7% | 8% | |
| Current cigarette only smoker | 26% | 18% | 35% | |
| Current waterpipe only smoker | 16% | 26% | 4% | |
| Current cigarette and waterpipe smoker | 33% | 48% | 14% | |
| Average time at work, hours/week | 54(48, 66) | 60 (54, 72) | 48 (36, 48) | 0.001 |
| Lives with a smoker | 0.017 | |||
| No | 48% | 36% | 63% | |
| Yes, Cigarette Smoker Only | 45% | 56% | 31% | |
| Yes, Cigarette and Waterpipe Smoker | 7% | 8% | 6% | |
| Secondhand smoke from cigarettes, hours/week | 48 (32, 70) | 60 (42, 84) | 36 (25, 55) | 0.001 |
| Secondhand smoke from waterpipe, hours/week | 21 (8, 42) | 42 (13, 60) | 10 (4, 24) | 0.001 |
| Involved with lighting waterpipes for customers,% yes | 44% | 57% | 26% | 0.001 |
Notes: Categorical variables are percentages of total sample (N). Continuous variables are median (25th percentile, 75th percentile).
(a)
P-values are Pearson’s chi-square test of independence for categorical variables and Ranksum for continuous variables.
(b)
“Other” includes watchman (N=6) and other miscellaneous primary positions.
The time of data collection were between January and May 2013 in Istanbul and December 2013 to May 2014 in Moscow