2.

Characteristics of visually-assessed qualitative CT imaging features between IPAs and non-IPAs both in training and testing cohorts

Characteristics	Training cohort				Testing cohort
	IPAs	Non-IPAs	P		IPAs	Non-IPAs	P
CT, computer tomography; IPA, invasive pulmonary adenocarcinoma.
Lesion size (cm) [median (25%, 75%)]	1.90 (1.30, 2.30)	1.50 (0.95, 2.13)	0.063		1.70 (1.50, 2.40)	1.05 (0.75, 1.93)	0.019
Solid component size (cm) [median (25%, 75%)]	0.86 (0.37, 1.16)	0.45 (0, 0.72)	0.021		0.78 (0.47, 0.84)	0 (0, 0.58)	0.003
Solid component proportion [median (25%, 75%)]	0.46 (0.27, 0.55)	0.29 (0, 0.48)	0.029		0.42 (0.24, 0.60)	0 (0, 0.28)	0.003
Shape [n (%)]			0.129				0.210
Round	14 (35.90)	18 (60.00)			10 (58.82)	9 (64.29)
Lobular	10 (25.64)	4 (13.33)			5 (29.41)	1 (7.14)
Irregular	15 (38.46)	8 (26.67)			2 (11.76)	4 (28.57)
Lesion location [n (%)]			0.329				0.766
Superior lobe	30 (76.92)	20 (66.67)			8 (47.06)	8 (57.14)
Middle lobe	4 (10.26)	2 (6.67)			2 (11.76)	2 (14.29)
Interior lobe	5 (12.82)	8 (26.67)			7 (41.18)	4 (28.57)
Margin [n (%)]			0.133				0.020
Blurred	9 (23.08)	13 (43.33)			5 (29.41)	2 (14.29)
Spiculation	13 (33.33)	5 (16.67)			7 (41.18)	1 (7.14)
Smooth	17 (43.59)	12 (40.00)			5 (29.41)	11 (78.57)
Pleural indentation [n (%)]			0.010				0.011
Yes	21 (53.85)	25 (83.33)			7 (41.18)	12 (85.71)
No	18 (46.15)	5 (16.67)			10 (58.82)	2 (14.29)
Dilated bronchioles [n (%)]			0.217				0.409
Yes	9 (23.08)	11 (36.67)			6 (35.29)	7 (50.00)
No	30 (76.92)	19 (63.33)			11 (64.71)	7 (50.00)
Vessel dilatation [n (%)]			0.067				0.087
Yes	3 (7.69)	7 (23.33)			1 (5.88)	4 (28.57)
No	36 (92.31)	23 (76.67)			16 (94.12)	10 (71.43)