7.

Single-use models for lung cancer prediction

Model	Year	Country or region	Research design	Statistical methods	Variable included	Modeling sample	Validation	AUC (95% CI)	C-index (95% CI)
AUC, area under receiver-operating characteristic curve; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval; C-index, concordance index; ANN, artificial neural network; SVM, support vector machine; BMI, body mass index; CRP, C-reactive protein; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; SNP, single nucleotide polymorphism; DNMT, DNA-methyltransferase; AFP, alpha-fetal protein; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; NSE, neuron specific enolase; CA, carbohydrate antigen; HGH, human growth hormone.
Wozniak MB (24)	2015	Germany	Case-control study	Logistic	Gender, age and smoking status, 24 microRNAs	100 case; 100 control	Internal validation	0.874	N
Wang X (25)	2015	China	Case-control study	Logistic	Gender, age, education, BMI, family history, medical history, exposure history, lifestyle	705 case; 988 control	Internal validation	0.8851	N
Muller DC (26)	2017	US	Cohort study	Flexible parametric survival	Gender, smoking history, medical history, family history	502,321	Internal validation	N	0.85 (0.82−0.87)
Ma S (27)	2016	China	Cohort study	Logistic	Gender, age, smoke, prolactin, CRP, NY-ESI-1, HGF	543	External validation	0.86 (95% CI: 0.83−0.88	N
Wu X (28)	2016	China	Cohort study	Cox regression analysis	Age, gender, smoking pack-years, BMI, family history, medical history, exposure history, biomarkers	395,875	Internal validation; External validation	0.851, with never smokers 0.806, light smokers 0.847, and heavy smokers 0.732	N
Gu F (29)	2017	US	Cohort study	Cox proportional hazard model	Age, gender, race/ethnicity, education, family history, BMI, smoking status, smoking history	18,729	N	Incidence model: 0.6941; Death model: 0.7376	N
Lin KF (30)	2017	China	Cohort study	Logistic	Age, gender, and BMI, nodule number, family history of lung cancer, family history of other cancer	784	N	N	N
Sha R (31)	2017	China	Case-control study	Logistic	Age, gender, BMI, family history	227 case; 454 control	N	Model 1: 0.827 (0.794−0.861); Model 2: 0.836 (0.804−0.868)	N
Lin H (32)	2011	China	Case-control study	Logistic	Gender, age, smoking status, medical history, exposure history, family history	633 case; 565 control	N	N	0.881
Ni R (33)	2016	China	Case-control study	ANN, SVM, Decision tree	Gender, age, medical history, smoking history, drinking history, family history	214	External validation	N	0.972
Li H (34)	2012	China	Case-control study	Logistic	Gender, age, smoking status, SNPs	N	N	0.637	N
Feng YJ (35)	2013	China	Case-control study	Logistic, Decision tree, ANN, SVM	Gender, age, smoking history, DNMT1, DNMT3a	136 cancer; 140 benign lung disease; 145 control	External validation	Logistic: 0.923; Decision tree: 0.946; ANN: 0.877; SVM: 0.851	N
Wang N (36)	2012	China	Case-control study	Fisher, Decision tree, ANN	Gender, age, smoking status, medical history, genetic factors	251 case 256 control	N	Fisher: 0.722; Decision tree: 0.929; ANN: 0.894	N
Zhang HQ (37)	2012	China	Case-control study	Decision tree, ANN, Logistic, Fisher	Ferritin, AFP, CEA, NSE, CA199, CA242, CA125, CA153, HGH9	150 case 150 control	External validation	Decision tree: 0.923; ANN: 0.86; Logistic: 0.809; Fisher: 0.765	N
Sun RL (38)	2013	China	Case-control study	Logistic	Family history, smoking status, lifestyle, psychology	563 case 563 control	N	N	N
Nie GJ (39)	2009	China	Case-control study	ANN, Logistic	Tumor marker	53 case 61 control	External validation	ANN: 0.88, Logistic: 0.82	N
Chang TT (40)	2011	China	Case-control study	Fisher	Gender, age, smoking status, medical history, exposure history	807 case 807 control	External validation	Non-lung cancer: 0.823; Lung cancer: 0.745	N