Table 1: commonly studied PSs and their photodynamic properties, *: Enterohemorrhagic E. coli.

class	example	charge	Excitation maximum	Sample (bacteria)	Concentration of PS	Overall efficacy	Ref
Phenothiazinium	Methylene blue	cationic	632nm	Dental plaque samples	25 µg/ml	8%	(11)
	Toluidine blue	cationic	410nm	S. mutans	100 mg/l	2–5 log10	(77, 78)
				E. coli	35 µM	0.08 log10
	Rose Bengal	anionic	532nm	E. faecalis	10 µM	4 log10	(79)
				P. aeruginosa		3 log10
	Dimethyl methylene blue	cationic	635–652nm	A. baumannii	200 µM	2 log10	(80, 81)
	New methylene blue	cationic	635–652nm	A. baumannii	800 µM	3.2 log10	(80, 81)
Natural PSs	Curcumin	neutral	547nm	S. mutans	0.75 to 5 g/l	≤ 3 log10	(41, 42)
				L. acidophilus
	Hypericin	neutral	593nm	S. aureus	100 nM	4–5 log10	(82–84)
				E. coli	1 µg/ml	≤ 0.2 log10
	Flavin derivatives	cationic	450nm	MRSA	50 µM	5.1 log10	(85)
				EHEC*	50 µM	6.5 log10
Tetra-pyrrole structures	Porphyrin	cationic	446nm	S. aureus	10 µM	1–2 log10	(32, 86, 87)
				P. aeruginosa	225 µM	4 log10
				E. faecalis	100 µM	No effect
	Phthalocyanine	Neutral	670nm	A. hidrophila	2 mM	≤ 0.5 log10	(22)
	Zink Pc derivatives	Cationic	690 nm	S. aureus	64 ng/ml	5–6 log10	(88–90)
				P. aeruginosa	26 µg/ml	5–6 log10
	Chlorine	Neutral	660nm	S. aureus	10 µg/ml	5 log10	(91)
				E. coli	5 µg/ml	0.75 log10
	Chlorine	Cationic	532nm	E. coli	5 µg/ml	0.77 log10	(92)
Nano structures	Fullerenes	neutral	532nm	S. aureus	1 µg/ml	3 log10	(93, 94)
				E. coli		≤ 85%
	Titanium dioxide	neutral	near-UV light (400)	Water treatment	1 mg/ml	77–93%	(95)