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. 2018 Dec 19;26(4):3208–3225. doi: 10.1007/s11356-018-3769-1

Table 2.

Overview of included studies and summary of variables adjusted for within each study

No. Country Study Adjusted for
Name/year of study Definition of air pollution Pneumonia measurement Access to care Immunisation Malnutrition Exclusive breastfeeding LBW No. of siblings Marital status Occupation/SES Parents smoke Parent’s education Religion Kitchen location Cooking fuel type Cook area No sleeps in room Ventilation House material Source of drinking water Season
1 India Broor et al. (2001) Use of solid fuel Syndromic ✔ ✔† ✔† ✔† ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔
2 Botswana Kelly et al. (2015) Use of wood as fuel Syndromic ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔
3 India Sharma et al. (1998) Types of fuel used at home Syndromic ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔† ✔† ✔ ✔
4 Nepal Karki et al. (2014) Condition of home environment Presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔†
5 India Mahalanabis et al. (2002) Condition of home environment Presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔
6 Bangladesh Ram et al. (2014) Concentration of PM2.5 Presumptive ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔† ✔†
7 India Bassani et al. (2010) Use of solid fuel ✔† ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔
8 Gambia Dionisio et al. (2012) Exposure to CO Presumptive ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔†
9 Gambia Howie et al. (2016) Exposure to CO Presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
10 Tanzania PrayGod et al. (2016) Condition of home environment Both syndromic and presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔† ✔
11 Nepal Dhimal et al. (2010) Types of fuel used at home Both syndromic and presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
12 Indonesia Shibata et al. (2014) ✔† ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
13 Malawi Mortimer et al. (2017) Types of fuel used at home Both syndromic and presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
14 Guatemala Smith et al. (2011) Exposure from type of fuel used at home Both syndromic and presumptive ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
Total (15, 79%) (8, 42%) (8, 42%) (10, 53%) (6, 32%) (7, 37%) (2, 11%) (19, 100%) (13, 68%) (14, 74%) (2, 11%) (5, 26%) (15, 79%) (8, 42%) (9, 47%) (2, 11%) (4, 21%) (5, 26%) (8, 42%)

†Associated variables