Table 3.
Reviews focused on the association between indoor air pollution and childhood pneumonia
| No. | Author (year) | Study design | Country | Number of studies | Exposure | Outcome | Key findings |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Jackson et al. (2013) | Systematic review | Developing countries | 36 | Use of biomass fuel for cooking | Pneumonia | Exposure to indoor air pollution (OR 1.57, 1.06–2.31) |
| 2 | Dherani et al. (2008) | Meta-analysis and systematic review | Developing countries | 25 | Behaviour and environment (fuel use) | Pneumonia (ALRI) | Indoor air pollution is associated with pneumonia (OR 1.8, 1.5–2.2) |
| 3 | Smith et al. (2000) | Critical review | Papua New Guinea, Kenya, India, Nepal, China, Gambia | 18 | Indoor air pollution | Pneumonia (ALRI) | Confirms an association between indoor air pollution and childhood pneumonia, particularly in households using biomass fuels |
| 4 | Sonego et al. (2015) | Systematic review | LMIC as defined by the World Bank | 77 | Risk factors | Pneumonia (ALRI) | Confirms an association between indoor air pollution and childhood pneumonia (OR 3.02, 2.11–4.31) |
| 5 | Zar and Ferkol (2014) | Review | LMIC | – | Environmental risk factor, including indoor air pollution | Pneumonia | Improving nutrition, comprehensive immunisation, reduction in household crowding, avoidance of smoking, reduction in exposure to indoor pollutants and tackling of HIV/AIDS incidence in low- and middle-income countries can help in the prevention of pneumonia in children |
| 6 | Bruce et al. (2013) | Systematic review and meta-analysis | Global reports on developing countries | 26 | Solid fuel used for cooking | Pneumonia (ALRI) | Eliminating exposures to indoor air pollution might considerably reduce the risk of pneumonia complications, including fatality |
| 7 | Rudan et al. (2008) | Systematic review | Global reports on developing countries | 28 | Indoor air pollution | Pneumonia (ALRI) | Show an association between indoor air pollution and childhood pneumonia (OR 1.8) |
| 8 | Buchner and Rehfuess (2015) | A cross-sectional multi-country analysis | Benin, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Ethiopia, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Madagascar, Mali, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Senegal, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe | – | Risk factors (indoor air pollution) | Pneumonia (ALRI) | Show an association between indoor air pollution and childhood pneumonia (OR 2.17, 1.09–4.33) |