Table 5.
Risk of bias assessment tool (Newcastle-Ottawa scale)
| Domain (source of bias) | Assessment | Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|
| Selection (representativeness of the sample) | Adequate case definition with independent validation (A) | Low |
| Consecutive or obviously representativeness (B) | Moderate | |
| Selection of community participants (C) | High | |
| No description of sampling strategy (D) | Unclear/high | |
| Selection (sample size) | Justified and satisfactory (A) | Low |
| Not justified (B) | High | |
| Detection (exposure) | Validated measurement tool (A) | Low |
| Tool described but non-validated (B) | High | |
| Tool not described (C) | Unclear/high | |
| Confounding | Adjusted for confounders (A) | Low |
| No adjustment for confounders (B) | High | |
| (Detection) Outcome assessment | Syndromic (A) | – |
| Presumptive (B) | – | |
| Both (C) | – | |
| No description (D) | – |