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. 2018 Nov 28;56(1):367–390. doi: 10.1007/s13524-018-0738-8

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© The Author(s) 2018

Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

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Fig. 3 — Within-country gaps in additional family characteristics (reference category = Q3). Canadian numbers for teenage motherhood suppressed due to small cell sizes. Each panel plots the gaps in a different variable. Error bars are 95 % confidence intervals. Q1 to Q5 refer to income groups defined by the quintile boundaries of the U.S. distribution from lowest to highest; that is, Q1 is the group with income less than $27,000, and Q5 is the group with income greater than $96.000. Gaps are the differences between the mean or proportion in the group and the middle Q3 group. Estimates are calculated from the underlying microdata separately for each country. See Tables 1 and 2 for details of the source samples.