Table 1.
Estimated daily intakes of atmospheric PAHs by inhalation from PM2.5 via Monte Carlo methoda (HZ: Hangzhou, JH: Jinhua, LS: Lishui, NB: Ningbo, ZS: Zhoushan).
| City | Population | Gender | Spring | Summer | Autumn | Winter | Annual |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HZ | Adults | Male | 4.2 (4.2) | 2.7 (2.4) | 4.9 (5.5) | 12.9 (13.5) | 5.5 (6.8) |
| Female | 2.7 (2.5) | 1.7 (1.4) | 3.1 (3.2) | 8.2 (8.0) | 3.5 (4.1) | ||
| Total | 3.5 (3.5) | 2.2 (1.9) | 4.0 (4.4) | 10.6 (11.0) | 4.4 (5.5) | ||
| Children | Male | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.1 (0.6) | 2.0 (1.8) | 5.3 (4.2) | 2.3 (2.3) | |
| Female | 1.8 (1.3) | 1.1 (0.6) | 2.1 (1.8) | 5.5 (4.1) | 2.3 (2.3) | ||
| Total | 1.7 (1.3) | 1.1 (0.6) | 2.0 (1.8) | 5.4 (4.1) | 2.3 (2.3) | ||
| JH | Adults | Male | 8.9 (7.7) | 3.9 (2.1) | 6.5 (5.2) | 17.7 (13.5) | 8.4 (8.8) |
| Female | 6.9 (5.7) | 3.0 (1.4) | 5.0 (3.7) | 13.4 (9.6) | 6.5 (6.5) | ||
| Total | 7.9 (6.9) | 3.5 (1.8) | 5.7 (4.5) | 15.5 (11.8) | 7.4 (7.8) | ||
| Children | Male | 7.1 (7.6) | 3.2 (2.5) | 5.2 (5.2) | 14.2 (13.8) | 6.7 (8.1) | |
| Female | 6.8 (7.0) | 3.1 (2.3) | 5.0 (4.8) | 13.6 (12.6) | 6.4 (7.5) | ||
| Total | 7.0 (7.4) | 3.2 (2.4) | 5.2 (5.1) | 13.9 (13.5) | 6.6 (7.9) | ||
| LS | Adults | Male | 6.6 (6.1) | 3.2 (1.8) | 5.6 (3.7) | 14.2 (10.0) | 6.4 (6.4) |
| Female | 5.1 (4.5) | 2.4 (1.3) | 4.3 (2.7) | 10.8 (7.3) | 4.9 (4.8) | ||
| Total | 5.8 (5.4) | 2.8 (1.6) | 4.9 (3.2) | 12.4 (8.7) | 5.6 (5.7) | ||
| Children | Male | 2.6 (2.1) | 1.2 (0.5) | 2.1 (1.1) | 5.4 (3.1) | 2.5 (2.3) | |
| Female | 2.5 (2.0) | 1.2 (0.4) | 2.1 (1.0) | 5.3 (2.9) | 2.5 (2.2) | ||
| Total | 2.6 (2.1) | 1.2 (0.4) | 2.1 (1.0) | 5.4 (3.0) | 2.5 (2.2) | ||
| NB | Adults | Male | 3.1 (3.1) | 2.3 (2.1) | 2.9 (3.0) | 6.3 (6.8) | 3.4 (3.9) |
| Female | 1.9 (1.9) | 1.4 (1.2) | 1.8 (1.8) | 4.0 (4.2) | 2.1 (2.4) | ||
| Total | 2.5 (2.5) | 1.8 (1.7) | 2.3 (2.4) | 5.2 (5.5) | 2.8 (3.2) | ||
| Children | Male | 3.2 (2.3) | 2.3 (1.4) | 2.9 (2.3) | 6.6 (5.4) | 3.5 (3.3) | |
| Female | 3.1 (2.2) | 2.3 (1.3) | 2.9 (2.2) | 6.5 (5.0) | 3.4 (3.1) | ||
| Total | 3.1 (2.3) | 2.3 (1.4) | 2.9 (2.2) | 6.6 (5.3) | 3.5 (3.2) | ||
| ZS | Adults | Male | 4.6 (2.7) | 4.5 (2.6) | 4.1 (2.7) | 7.8 (6.5) | 5.0 (3.9) |
| Female | 3.2 (1.7) | 3.2 (1.7) | 2.9 (1.8) | 5.5 (4.4) | 3.5 (2.6) | ||
| Total | 3.9 (2.2) | 3.8 (2.2) | 3.5 (2.3) | 6.6 (5.5) | 4.2 (3.3) | ||
| Children | Male | 1.9 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 3.2 (2.3) | 2.0 (1.3) | |
| Female | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.6 (0.8) | 3.2 (2.2) | 2.0 (1.3) | ||
| Total | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.8 (0.7) | 1.7 (0.8) | 3.2 (2.2) | 2.0 (1.3) |
aEstimated daily intakes (Median, with inter-quartile range in ng/day) of atmospheric PAHs resulting from inhalation of PM2.5. Estimates were calculated using the Monte Carlo method.