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. 2019 May 13;9:6787. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43049-1

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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TRACP5b and uNTX levels significantly increase but bone-forming parameters are unchanged by lactation. Sera and urine were collected post-partum from 79 subjects who had been subdivided into two groups: those who either fed infants solely on breastmilk (BF) or those who fed their infants artificial milk or a mix of both (Milk) for one month after partum. Levels of indicated parameters were analyzed (a) bone-resorbing parameters; (b) bone-forming parameters) and compared between groups. Data represent mean levels of indicated parameters ± SD (n = 34 for BF, n = 45 for Milk; **p < 0.01, NS not significant). TRACP5b, tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b; uNTX, urinary type 1 collagen cross-linked N-telopeptide; uDPD, urinary deoxypyridinolin; BAP, bone alkaline phosphatase; P1NP, procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide; ucOC, undercarboxylated osteocalcin.