Table 4.

Summary of available data from studies on bone mineralization in testicular cancer survivors.

References	Study design	Total sample	Time of enrollment/Follow-up	Results
Murugaesu et al. (41)	Cross-sectional	39 patients	5–28 years	• Orchiectomy alone or orchiectomy plus chemotherapy predisposed to osteoporosis
Willemse et al. (39)	Cross-sectional	199 patients treated with chemotherapy and 45 newly diagnosed patients within 3 months after orchiectomy	7.4 years post-treatment	• The 25.8% of patients had Z-score between −1 and −2 SD, the 12% of patients has Z-score below −2 SD • Moderate and severe vertebral fractures were observed in 13.6% of cured-long term survivors and in 15.6% of newly diagnosed patients
Foresta et al. (38)	Case–control	125 normotestosteronemic patients treated with orchiectomy and 41 controls	NR	• Vitamin D serum levels was lower in patients than in controls • The 23.8% of patients had Z-score below −2 SD
Willemse et al. (37)	Prospective	63 patients (27 were treated with orchiectomy, 36 received chemotherapy)	5 years post-treatment	• Normal values of bone mineral density were detected in patients treated with orchiectomy only • Significant bone loss was observed in patients receiving chemotherapy
Isaksson et al. (40)	Case–control	91 patients and 91 controls	9.3 years	• Compared to eugonodal patients, patients with hypogonadism receiving or not testosterone replacement therapy had 6–8% lower hip bone mineral density
Ondrusova et al. (23)	Cross-sectional	1,249 patients (313 treated with orchiectomy, 665 with chemotherapy, 271 with radiotherapy)	35 years post-treatment	• Osteopenia or osteoporosis occurred in 136 patients treated with orchiectomy, 298 patients treated chemotherapy, and 139 patients treated with radiotherapy

NR, not reported; SD, standard deviation.