Table 3.
Results of dietary daily survey in patients with T2DM at baseline.
| Variables | Propolis (n = 50) | Placebo (n = 44) | P-Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Energy, kcal | 1873.98 ± 129.94 | 1869.58 ± 120.38 | 0.87 |
| Protein, g | 54.05 ± 6.84 | 56.19 ± 11.71 | 0.31 |
| Lipids, g | 83.57 ± 12.02 | 83.22 ± 13.63 | 0.9 |
| Cholesterol, mg | 156.28 ± 77.94 | 168.90 ± 83.74 | 0.47 |
| Mono unsaturated fat, g | 35.55 ± 5.43 | 35.43 ± 6.51 | 0.93 |
| Oleic Fat, g | 33.73 ± 5.05 | 33.81 ± 6.32 | 0.94 |
| Poly unsaturated fat, g | 25.29 ± 5.09 | 24.98 ± 5.55 | 0.79 |
| Saturated fat, g | 17.32 ± 4.6 | 17.99 ± 5.75 | 0.54 |
| DHAomega3, g | 0.02 ± 0.06 | 0.03 ± 0.09 | 0.46 |
| Epa omega3, g | 0.005 ± 0.021 | 0.009 ± 0.03 | 0.45 |
| Carbohydrates, g | 231.55 ± 34.53 | 230.31 ± 33.9 | 0.87 |
| Sugar, g | 47.73 ± 22.1 | 48.76 ± 19.04 | 0.82 |
| Glucose, g | 7.32 ± 4.45 | 7.03 ± 3.53 | 0.74 |
| Fructose, g | 10.45 ± 6.24 | 10.06 ± 5.14 | 0.75 |
| Lactose, g | 4.33 ± 3.94 | 5.43 ± 4.64 | 0.24 |
| Galactose, g | 0.62 ± 0.89 | 0.7 ± 0.71 | 0.67 |
| Sucrose, g | 20.09 ± 16.89 | 20.94 ± 11.48 | 0.79 |
| Maltose, g | 1 ± 1.04 | 0.71 ± 0.81 | 0.15 |
| Fiber, g | 13.29 ± 2.64 | 14.27 ± 3.73 | 0.15 |
| Soluble fiber, g | 0.27 ± 0.16 | 0.29 ± 0.19 | 0.58 |
| Crude Fiber, g | 3.25 ± 1.29 | 3.22 ± 1.07 | 0.90 |
| Potassium, mg | 1744.3 ± 375.37 | 1826.73 ± 390.36 | 0.32 |
| Sodium, mg | 693.11 ± 271.11 | 804.22 ± 383.71 | 0.12 |
| Iron, mg | 9.87 ± 1.59 | 10.44 ± 2.19 | 0.17 |
| Magnesium, mg | 212.51 ± 37.81 | 224.77 ± 38.95 | 0.14 |
| Zinc, mg | 7.19 ± 1.07 | 7.41 ± 1.27 | 0.40 |
| Mangenes, mg | 3.26 ± 0.69 | 3.32 ± 0.69 | 0.68 |
| Molybdenum, µg | 12.1 ± 14.28 | 16.78 ± 12.31 | 0.11 |
| Calcium, mg | 442.34 ± 167.01 | 507.14 ± 169.91 | 0.08 |
| Phosphorus, mg | 832.06 ± 127.87 | 886.33 ± 145.07 | 0.07 |
| Copper, mg | 1.03 ± 0.2 | 1.04 ± 0.18 | 0.90 |
| Selenium, mg | 0.03 ± 0.02 | 0.04 ± 0.02 | 0.04 |
| Chromium, mg | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.02 ± 0.01 | 0.83 |
| Vitamin A, RE | 512.26 ± 383.45 | 491.92 ± 378.75 | 0.80 |
| Vitamin E, mg | 26.64 ± 6.01 | 26.47 ± 5.67 | 0.89 |
| Betacaroten, µg | 566.11 ± 537.55 | 694.03 ± 584.77 | 0.29 |
| Biotin, µg | 8.56 ± 4.55 | 10.2 ± 5.08 | 0.12 |
| Riboflavin, mg | 0.85 ± 0.25 | 0.98 ± 0.28 | 0.03 |
| Pyridoxine, mg | 1.31 ± 0.39 | 1.38 ± 0.38 | 0.41 |
| Thiamin, mg | 1.24 ± 0.25 | 1.31 ± 0.26 | 0.17 |
| Niacin, mg | 16.22 ± 3.01 | 17.17 ± 4.4 | 0.26 |
| Folate, µg | 257.15 ± 65.91 | 276.49 ± 64.29 | 0.17 |
| Pantothenic acid, mg | 3.64 ± 0.58 | 3.92 ± 0.96 | 0.12 |
| Cobalamin, µg | 1.91 ± 0.76 | 1.99 ± 0.65 | 0.64 |
| Ascorbic acid, mg | 56.48 ± 25.49 | 68.3 ± 38.25 | 0.10 |
| Vitamin K, µg | 86.5 ± 56.35 | 93.27 ± 49.23 | 0.56 |
| Vitamin D, µg | 0.37 ± 0.23 | 0.39 ± 0.27 | 0.65 |
Data are shown as the mean ± standard deviation. Whenever the amount of P-Values become less than 0.05 the hypothesis of equal mean between two groups of Propolis and Placebo will be rejected.