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. 2019 May 13;9:7327. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43860-w

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Cat’s eye plot of instrumental and Pavlovian learning. Panel (a) shows the number of responses performed during the instrumental conditioning, where a significant difference between reward-associated responses (R+1, R+2) and unrewarded response (R−) was found. Panel (b) shows the liking scores of the stimuli before and after undergoing Pavlovian conditioning, where an was observed increase for the reward-associated stimuli (CS+1, CS+2) and a reduction for the unrewarded stimulus (CS−). Overall, these results confirm that participants correctly learned instrumental and Pavlovian contingencies.