Table 3.

Odds ratios and 95% CI of onset of depressive symptoms at follow-up according to tobacco use at baseline among students below the threshold for depressive symptoms at baseline, by sex and type of tobacco, the Kupol study 2013–2015

	n	Depressive symptoms cases	Unadjusted model		Adjusted model A		Adjusted model B
			OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value	OR (95% CI)	p value
Current cigarette smoking
Total students
Yes	34	6	2.4 (1.0,5.9)	0.053	1.7 (0.6,4.3)	0.294	2.0 (0.7,5.8)a	0.189
No	2865	234
Males
Yes	15	3	8.3 (2.3,30.5)	0.001	7.3 (1.9,28.2)	0.004	12.7 (2.5,63.9)	0.002
No	1470	43
Females
Yes	19	3	1.2 (0.3,4.1)	0.792	0.8 (0.2,2.8)	0.682	1.0 (0.3,3.9)	0.987
No	1395	191
Current snus use
Total students
Yes	22	1	0.5 (0.0,3.9)	0.531	0.4 (0.1,3.5)	0.432	0.8 (0.1,7.5)a	0.833
No	2878	239
Males
Yes	20	1	1.7 (0.2,16.7)	0.624	1.3 (0.2,10.4)	0.802	1.3 (0.2,11.6)	0.792
No	1466	45
Females
Yes	2	0	–		–		–
No	1412	194
Current tobacco use
Total students
Yes	50	6	1.5 (0.6,3.6)	0.338	1.1 (0.5,2.8)	0.798	1.5 (0.6,4.1)a	0.398
No	2850	234
Males
Yes	30	3	3.7 (1.1,12.5)	0.039	2.8 (0.8,10.0)	0.112	3.6 (0.9,14.8)	0.069
No	1456	43
Females
Yes	20	3	1.1 (0.3,3.8)	0.867	0.8 (0.2,2.7)	0.664	1.0 (0.3,3.8)	0.985
No	1394	191
Self-reported tobacco dependence
Total students
Yes	29	7	3.6 (1.5,8.6)	0.003	2.5 (1.0,6.4)	0.055	4.8 (1.7,14.0)a	0.004
No	2827	228
Males
Yes	21	5	10.7 (3.7,30.6)	< 0.001	7.5 (2.4,23.3)	< 0.001	12.8 (3.5,46.9)	< 0.001
No	1444	41
Females
Yes	8	2	2.1 (0.4,10.6)	0.356	1.1 (0.2,6.0)	0.897	1.2 (0.2,6.7)	0.801
No	1383	187

^aModel A adjusted for CES-DC score at baseline. Model B as model A further adjusted for alcohol consumption, parental education, parental birthplace and sex